<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[THE THINKING TRAINER: Kiến thức chuyên môn]]></title><description><![CDATA[Các bài viết chuyên môn từ The Thinking Trainer]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/s/kien-thuc-chuyen-mon</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JeF3!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5bedd-8a2d-4b73-a7d3-3b2cc703bec8_256x256.png</url><title>THE THINKING TRAINER: Kiến thức chuyên môn</title><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/s/kien-thuc-chuyen-mon</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 04:04:49 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[thethinkingtrainer@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[thethinkingtrainer@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[thethinkingtrainer@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[thethinkingtrainer@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Hướng lực và điểm tác động ở bàn chân -> quyết định vùng cơ hoạt động tốt hơn]]></title><description><![CDATA[[M&#7865;o v&#7873; &#272;i&#7875;m t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7921;c cho th&#226;n d&#432;&#7899;i]]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/huong-luc-va-iem-tac-ong-o-ban-chan</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/huong-luc-va-iem-tac-ong-o-ban-chan</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 16:01:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[M&#7865;o v&#7873; &#272;i&#7875;m t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7921;c cho th&#226;n d&#432;&#7899;i]</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic" width="1438" height="1012" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoLa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0fdaad-ed97-4e61-ad73-5476fb5a98ef_1438x1012.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#244;m n&#7885; m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y kh&#225; hay v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#7897;i IKN (integratedkineticneurology), n&#234;n chia s&#7867; l&#7841;i cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>&#7902; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t t&#7915; IKN, h&#7885; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c g&#7907;i &#253; cue t&#7841;o l&#7921;c v&#224; v&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7841;o l&#7921;c &#7903; b&#224;n ch&#226;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224;o c&#225;c ph&#7847;n c&#417; mong mu&#7889;n. C&#7909; th&#7875; :</p><p>1. H&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7841;p : </p><p>- &#272;&#7849;y v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7899;c s&#7869; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o &#272;&#249;i tr&#432;&#7899;c (Quad) nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n. </p><p>- H&#432;&#7899;ng v&#7873; sau s&#7869; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o H&#244;ng v&#224; b&#7855;p chu&#7889;i h&#417;n &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i gi&#7843;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a &#272;&#249;i tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p>2. V&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7853;p trung l&#7921;c &#273;&#7841;p : </p><p>- Ph&#7847;n m&#361;i b&#224;n ch&#226;n s&#7869; t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u v&#224;o H&#244;ng, B&#7855;p chu&#7889;i &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i gi&#7843;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#249;i tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p>- Ph&#7847;n g&#243;t b&#224;n ch&#226;n s&#7869; t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u v&#224;o &#273;&#249;i tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#417;n, gi&#7843;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng H&#244;ng v&#224; b&#7855;p chu&#7889;i</p><p>- Ph&#7847;n gi&#7919;a l&#242;ng b&#224;n ch&#226;n : D&#224;n &#273;&#7873;u m&#7895;i nh&#243;m c&#417; 1 ch&#250;t</p><p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p><p>V&#7873; ph&#7847;n gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch cho c&#225;c Cue n&#224;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n Chu k&#7923; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i (Gait Cycle). Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng khi &#273;i b&#7897;, g&#243;t ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; ch&#7841;m m&#7863;t &#273;&#7845;t tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#7849;y 1 l&#7921;c h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#7873; ph&#237;a tr&#432;&#7899;c, sau &#273;&#243; b&#224;n ch&#226;n d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n d&#7847;n sang &#8220;ph&#7859;ng&#8221; c&#7843; b&#224;n tr&#234;n s&#224;n v&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n cu&#7889;i l&#224; nh&#7845;c g&#243;c, ph&#7847;n m&#361;i ch&#226;n t&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#432;&#7899;ng ra sau &#273;&#7849;y c&#417; th&#7875; v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7899;c. M&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#273;i qu&#225; chi ti&#7871;t, c&#243; d&#7883;p s&#7869; vi&#7871;t sau.</p><p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p><p>V&#7873; ph&#7847;n &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng th&#236; c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m v&#7899;i Cue n&#224;y. Ti&#234;u bi&#7875;u nh&#7845;t l&#224; 2 ki&#7875;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#7845;m k&#234; g&#243;t ch&#226;n. C&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y &#7903; d&#432;&#7899;i &#7843;nh, m&#236;nh c&#243; minh h&#7885;a nhanh b&#7857;ng m&#361;i t&#234;n h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c l&#7921;c ch&#237;nh &#7903; 2 &#7843;nh.</p><p>- Khi k&#234; g&#243;t, &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; &#273;&#7893; ng&#227; v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7899;c, tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; d&#7891;n v&#7873; g&#243;t nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7921;c s&#7869; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ra &#273;&#7849;y tr&#432;&#7899;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n. Th&#7871; n&#234;n n&#7871;u nh&#432; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n Squat v&#224;o &#272;&#249;i tr&#432;&#7899;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, Squat th&#7859;ng h&#417;n th&#236; c&#7913; k&#234; g&#243;t m&#224; t&#7853;p.</p><p>- Khi k&#234; m&#361;i ch&#226;n. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; th&#236; l&#7921;c s&#7869; d&#7891;n v&#7873; m&#361;i v&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng ra sau. C&#225;c b&#224;i Hinge s&#7869; r&#7845;t &#259;n ti&#7873;n n&#7871;u Setup nh&#432; n&#224;y. &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n c&#225;c b&#224;i Hip Thrust hay Glute Bridge m&#224; t&#259;ng c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n m&#244;ng hay t&#259;ng l&#7921;c d&#249;ng t&#7915; h&#244;ng th&#236; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;y c&#361;ng r&#7845;t t&#7889;t nh&#233;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[QUÁ “NHỎ” ĐỂ TẬP TẠ: LIỆU LO NGẠI VỀ TRẺ NHỎ CÓ HỢP LÝ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873;: T&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, T&#259;ng c&#417;, S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, Tr&#7867; em]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/qua-nho-e-tap-ta-lieu-lo-ngai-ve</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/qua-nho-e-tap-ta-lieu-lo-ngai-ve</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 18 Oct 2025 10:02:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yhFA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedd0dd2b-f469-4b91-b99d-836ff50f7fc6_1431x628.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y tr&#237;ch t&#7915; T&#226;&#803;p san Tha&#769;ng 12/2024</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;ec3a5f96-ea13-41f9-b7b7-c00ae9554d85&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t v&#224; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n trong th&#225;ng n&#224;y T&#7853;p San T3 Monthly Digest. C&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tra c&#7913;u nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t v&#224; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n trong T&#7853;p San Th&#225;ng n&#224;y hay c&#225;c th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; trong Danh m&#7909;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#227; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Read full story&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;T&#7852;P SAN T3 DIGEST TH&#193;NG 12/2024 &quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:180133116,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;The Thinking Trainer&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Trang th&#244;ng tin, b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n m&#244;n c&#7911;a The Thinking Trainer&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f878e649-bd67-4fac-9d1c-04cb3d98c0be_940x788.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2024-12-22T07:08:23.295Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_hA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf130f5d-bacd-4736-ad0b-23d77e663dd6_1600x801.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/tap-san-t3-digest-thang-122024&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;T&#7853;p San T3 Monthly Digest&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:153478774,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:0,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2081899,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;THE THINKING TRAINER&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JeF3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5bedd-8a2d-4b73-a7d3-3b2cc703bec8_256x256.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yhFA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fedd0dd2b-f469-4b91-b99d-836ff50f7fc6_1431x628.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h1><strong>&#221; CH&#205;NH C&#7910;A B&#192;I VI&#7870;T</strong></h1><blockquote><p><strong>1. Giai &#273;o&#7841;n d&#7853;y th&#236; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7871;n b&#7897; l&#7899;n v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t. T&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c khu&#7871;ch &#273;&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;n b&#7897; n&#224;y, v&#224; &#273;em l&#7841;i ti&#7871;n b&#7897; l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#7903; nh&#7919;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u so v&#7899;i cu&#7889;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n d&#7853;y th&#236;.</strong></p><p><strong>2. Trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;, lo ng&#7841;i v&#7873; an to&#224;n v&#7873; t&#7853;p t&#7841; cho tr&#7867; nh&#7887; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; nguy c&#417; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng &#7903; x&#432;&#417;ng &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. Ch&#250;ng kh&#225; y&#7871;u v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#236;m h&#227;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#7871;u b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng.</strong></p><p><strong>3. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng trong nh&#7919;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ban &#273;&#7847;u x&#7843;y ra khi t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225;m s&#225;t, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p ho&#7863;c d&#7909;ng c&#7909; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o. Khi nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c, nguy c&#417; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng l&#224; r&#7845;t nh&#7887;.</strong></p></blockquote><h1><strong>GI&#7898;I THI&#7878;U CHUNG</strong></h1><p>N&#7871;u &#273;&#227; theo &#273;u&#7893;i b&#7897; m&#244;n &#8220;n&#226;ng t&#7841;&#8221; &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u, r&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t &#8220;h&#7891;i c&#242;n tr&#7867;&#8221; th&#7847;n t&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#224;n anh c&#417; b&#7855;p, l&#7921;c l&#432;&#7905;ng h&#417;n. Tuy nhi&#234;n c&#7913; &#273;&#7871;n khi nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n chuy&#7879;n &#273;i &#8220;t&#7853;p gym&#8221;. nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i l&#7841;i th&#432;&#7901;ng &#8220;d&#7885;a&#8221; r&#7857;ng &#8220;t&#7853;p t&#7841; g&#226;y l&#249;n&#8221;, v&#7899;i l&#237; l&#7869; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;n d&#7851;n l&#224; &#8220;tr&#7867; con &#273;ang &#7903; tu&#7893;i ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, &#273;&#7863;t m&#7845;y ch&#7909;c c&#226;n l&#234;n l&#432;ng l&#224;m k&#236;m h&#227;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n chi&#7873;u cao&#8221;. T&#7845;t nhi&#234;n l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n nh&#7909;t ch&#237; (v&#236; th&#7871; m&#224; &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7901; b&#7841;n v&#7851;n &#273;ang t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n ch&#7913;?), nh&#432;ng &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253; l&#224; quan ni&#7879;m n&#224;y v&#7851;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i (v&#224; t&#7887; ra s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#7891;n t&#7841;i) cho &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7901;i con ch&#225;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p>Li&#7879;u nh&#7919;ng lo ng&#7841;i n&#224;y c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng tin n&#224;o &#7911;ng h&#7897; tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;? &#272;&#243; l&#224; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng quan g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y b&#7903;i &#8220;<em>de Salles Painelli</em>&#8221; [<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42978-023-00251-y">1</a>] kh&#225;m ph&#225;, v&#7873; t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#237;. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a b&#224;i b&#225;o khoa h&#7885;c n&#224;y, bao g&#7891;m nh&#7919;ng th&#237;ch nghi c&#417; b&#7855;p t&#7915; t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i, ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a b&#7855;p c&#7911;a &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y, nh&#7919;ng lo ng&#7841;i v&#224; r&#7911;i ro c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i, v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c cho l&#7913;a tu&#7893;i thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n.</p><h1><strong>N&#7896;I DUNG NGHI&#202;N C&#7912;U</strong></h1><p><em><strong>de Salles Painelli (2023). <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42978-023-00251-y">Risks and Recommendations for Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review with Emphasis on Muscular Fitness and Hypertrophic Responses</a>.</strong></em></p><h2><strong>M&#7909;c &#272;&#237;ch Nghi&#234;n C&#7913;u</strong></h2><p>M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch c&#7911;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i l&#224; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; nguy c&#417;, lo ng&#7841;i, v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n th&#7875; tr&#7841;ng c&#417; b&#7855;p v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; b&#7855;p &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i, trong khi &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o v&#224; ch&#7881; d&#7851;n nh&#7857;m h&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#7879;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c cho nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y.</p><h2><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng Ph&#225;p Ti&#7871;n H&#224;nh Nghi&#234;n C&#7913;u</strong></h2><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#8220;t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843;&#8221; (<em>narrative review</em>), t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#243; &#225;p d&#7909;ng t&#236;m ki&#7871;m m&#7897;t c&#225;ch h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, bao g&#7891;m t&#236;m ki&#7871;m theo m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; kh&#243;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c c&#417; s&#7903; d&#7919; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7861;n, theo m&#7897;t b&#7897; ti&#234;u ch&#237; s&#224;ng l&#7885;c c&#7909; th&#7875; nh&#7857;m kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c t&#237;nh gi&#225;n ti&#7871;p v&#224; nguy c&#417; thi&#234;n v&#7883; khi l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong d&#7841;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#8220;t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843;&#8221;. &#272;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7847;n th&#7887;a m&#227;n nh&#7919;ng ti&#234;u ch&#237; sau:</p><ul><li><p><em>&#272;&#227; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng Anh (kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; vd, b&#7843;n t&#243;m t&#7855;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#244;ng b&#7889; t&#7841;i h&#7897;i th&#7843;o).</em></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><em>Bao g&#7891;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n tr&#7867; tu&#7893;i (19 tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c nh&#7887; h&#417;n) tham gia v&#224;o c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7875; thao.</em></p></li><li><p><em>C&#243; &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c k&#233;o d&#224;i &#237;t nh&#7845;t 6 tu&#7847;n.</em></p></li></ul><p>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7883; lo&#7841;i tr&#7915; n&#7871;u ch&#250;ng:</p><ul><li><p><em>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c d&#7909;ng c&#7909; nh&#432; d&#226;y chun kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c hay b&#225;nh &#273;&#224; (flywheel) v&#236; kh&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, hay n&#7871;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng cung c&#7845;p &#273;&#7911; th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#7875; t&#237;nh to&#225;n kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n.</em></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><em>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c h&#236;nh th&#7913;c t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c (vd: Plyometric) b&#7903;i t&#225;c gi&#7843; mu&#7889;n c&#244; l&#7853;p hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng c&#7911;a t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t c&#417; b&#7855;p (power).</em></p></li></ul><ul><li><p>V&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, c&#243; t&#237;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng v&#224; h&#7919;u &#237;ch nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;<em>Sander v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24050460/">2</a>]. C&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; theo d&#245;i 134 c&#7847;u th&#7911; b&#243;ng &#273;&#225; &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p tinh hoa (<em>elite</em>) &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i v&#7883; th&#224;nh ni&#234;n trong 2 n&#259;m, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t n&#7917;a s&#7889; n&#224;y t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng</p></li></ul><h1><strong>PH&#193;T HI&#7878;N V&#192; B&#204;NH LU&#7852;N</strong></h1><p>T&#225;c gi&#7843; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y b&#224;i b&#225;o c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#224;nh 4 ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n ph&#7847;n t&#7893;ng k&#7871;t v&#224; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n: 1) c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n th&#7875; tr&#7841;ng c&#417; b&#7855;p (<em>muscular fitness-related measures</em>); 2) ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; b&#7855;p (<em>muscle hypertrophy</em>); 3) nguy c&#417; v&#224; lo ng&#7841;i (<em>risks and concerns</em>); v&#224; 4) khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o (<em>recommendations</em>). Ph&#7847;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y c&#7911;a b&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#361;ng s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&#7889; c&#7909;c n&#224;y.</p><h2><strong>C&#225;c Ch&#7881; S&#7889; Li&#234;n Quan &#272;&#7871;n Th&#7875; Tr&#7841;ng C&#417; B&#7855;p</strong></h2><p>Nh&#7919;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n thu&#7897;c v&#7873; th&#7875; tr&#7841;ng c&#417; b&#7855;p bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c d&#7919; ki&#7879;n v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#417; b&#7855;p (18 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u), s&#7913;c b&#7873;n (6 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u), v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t (22 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u).</p><p>V&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, c&#243; t&#237;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng v&#224; h&#7919;u &#237;ch nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;<em>Sander v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24050460/">2</a>]. C&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; theo d&#245;i 134 c&#7847;u th&#7911; b&#243;ng &#273;&#225; &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p tinh hoa (<em>elite</em>) &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i v&#7883; th&#224;nh ni&#234;n trong 2 n&#259;m, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t n&#7917;a s&#7889; n&#224;y t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, v&#224; m&#7897;t n&#7917;a c&#242;n l&#7841;i ch&#7881; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p th&#7875; thao (&#273;&#225; b&#243;ng). Trong khi b&#7845;t c&#7913; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o v&#7873; t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c v&#7899;i h&#417;n 100 ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia k&#233;o d&#224;i 2 n&#259;m l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u hi&#7871;m g&#7863;p, &#7845;n t&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; c&#243; &#237;ch &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; th&#237;ch nghi x&#7843;y ra trong th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i h&#417;n so v&#7899;i th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng khi nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; tr&#7867; v&#7883; th&#224;nh ni&#234;n.</p><p>&#272;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, b&#7843;n th&#226;n qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n v&#7873; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c th&#7875; ch&#7845;t <em>&#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p </em>v&#7899;i ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n. Trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y, &#8220;<em>Sanders</em>&#8221; x&#7871;p nh&#243;m c&#225;c c&#7847;u th&#7911; theo &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; d&#432;&#7899;i 19, 17 v&#224; 15 tu&#7893;i. V&#236; v&#7853;y, m&#7895;i nh&#243;m c&#243; trong kho&#7843;ng 13 &#273;&#7871;n 33 c&#7847;u th&#7911; (vd: nh&#243;m &#272;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng d&#432;&#7899;i 19 tu&#7893;i, nh&#243;m t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c d&#432;&#7899;i 15 tu&#7893;i, nh&#243;m t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c d&#432;&#7899;i 17 tu&#7893;i, c&#225;c nh&#243;m &#272;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng d&#432;&#7899;i 15 tu&#7893;i, 17 tu&#7893;i v&#224; 19 tu&#7893;i). Khi ch&#7881; nh&#236;n v&#224;o &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh (c&#249;ng v&#7899;i t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n b&#243;ng &#273;&#225;) &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7871;n b&#7897; v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh 1RM, c&#225;c nh&#243;m &#272;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng (kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p t&#7841;) d&#432;&#7899;i 19, 17 v&#224; 15 tu&#7893;i t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh 1RM trung b&#236;nh l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t l&#224; 20.9 &#177; 22.9, 49.8 &#177; 39.6, v&#224; 62.3 &#177; 53.8% &#7903; b&#224;i <em>Front Squat</em>, v&#224; 29.2 &#177; 22.7, 67 &#177; 51.4, v&#224; 59.7 &#177; 43.4% &#7903; b&#224;i <em>Back Squat</em>. M&#7913;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh 1RM kh&#225; l&#7899;n n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh n&#7871;u ch&#7881; ch&#417;i b&#243;ng trong 2 n&#259;m, v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7873; th&#226;n h&#236;nh v&#224; tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c c&#7847;u th&#7911;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, nh&#243;m t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c d&#432;&#7899;i 19, 17 v&#224; 15 tu&#7893;i t&#259;ng 1RM trung b&#236;nh th&#234;m 101.6 &#177; 43, 115.1 &#177; 34.4, v&#224; 312.5 &#177; 118.6% &#7903; b&#224;i Front Squat v&#224; 101.6 &#177; 37, 123 &#177; 38.5, v&#224; 290.9 &#177; 107.8% &#7903; b&#224;i Back Squat. T&#7913;c l&#224;, c&#225;c c&#7847;u th&#7911; c&#243; t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;n b&#7897; v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh cao g&#7845;p 2 - 5 l&#7847;n so v&#7899;i &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897;i kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, ti&#7871;n b&#7897; v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh so v&#7899;i ban &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#273;&#225;ng kinh ng&#7841;c &#7903; nh&#7919;ng c&#7847;u th&#7911; d&#432;&#7899;i 15 tu&#7893;i, cho th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng khi qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra m&#7841;nh m&#7869; nh&#7845;t, n&#243; khu&#7871;ch &#273;&#7841;i &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7871;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh.</p><p>V&#7873; s&#7913;c b&#7873;n c&#417; b&#7855;p, v&#7899;i ch&#7881; 6 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225; &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#7873; &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i, &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng tham gia, bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh ki&#7875;m tra, c&#225;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; r&#245; r&#224;ng. V&#237; d&#7909;, c&#225;c nh&#243;m t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n t&#259;ng &#7903; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau v&#7873; s&#7913;c b&#7873;n c&#417; b&#7855;p t&#7915; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng ch&#7881; 7% cho th&#7901;i gian <em>Plank </em>[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25025936/">3</a>] &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c t&#259;ng kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; 166.5% v&#7873; s&#7889; Reps th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#7897;t b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra s&#7913;c b&#7873;n chuy&#234;n d&#7909;ng cho c&#417; Vai sau (v&#7873; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra b&#7857;ng chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng <em>Rear Delt Fly</em> v&#7899;i m&#7897;t tay c&#7847;m t&#7841; nh&#7865; trong khi n&#7857;m tr&#234;n b&#224;n massage; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24427394/">4</a>]). H&#417;n n&#7919;a, &#8220;<em>de Salles Painelli</em>&#8221; b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o trong s&#7889; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#243; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#432;&#7899;c l&#224;m quen v&#7899;i b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i h&#7885;c c&#225;ch ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng, v&#224; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#236;n chung c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7885;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng nhanh ch&#243;ng - nh&#432; v&#7899;i c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; ngh&#297;a r&#7857;ng, vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng th&#7921;c t&#7915; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n v&#224; hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c l&#224;m b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n. V&#7899;i y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;y, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#237;t, v&#224; th&#234;m r&#7857;ng s&#7913;c b&#7873;n c&#417; b&#7855;p &#273;&#7857;ng n&#224;o c&#361;ng c&#243; li&#234;n h&#7879; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh (vd: n&#7871;u 1RM c&#7911;a b&#7841;n t&#259;ng t&#7915; 100kg l&#234;n 150kg, 75kg s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh 50%1RM, thay v&#236; 75%), v&#224; v&#236; s&#7913;c b&#7873;n c&#417; b&#7855;p (vd: th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7889; Reps cao h&#417;n v&#7899;i t&#7841; nh&#7865; - r&#7845;t nh&#7865;) kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7913; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7885;c s&#7869; quan t&#226;m nhi&#7873;u, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n.</p><p>Tr&#225;i l&#7841;i, v&#7873; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t (<em>power</em>) c&#417; b&#7855;p, &#273;a s&#7889; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra gi&#7889;ng nhau nh&#432; nh&#7843;y b&#7853;t cao t&#7915; t&#432; th&#7871; ng&#7891;i (<em>countermovement jump</em>) hay t&#7915; t&#432; th&#7871; Squat (<em>squat jump</em>), v&#224; c&#225;c b&#224;i n&#233;m b&#243;ng (<em>medicine ball throw</em>). H&#417;n n&#7919;a, &#273;&#7841;i &#273;a s&#7889; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y sau khi t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i Strength, m&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ghi nh&#7853;n ti&#7871;n b&#7897; l&#7899;n h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t &#7903; nh&#7919;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i h&#417;n khi t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c. V&#237; d&#7909;, &#8220;<em>Rodriguez-Rosell v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806013/">5</a>] ghi nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng, c&#225;c c&#7847;u th&#7911; b&#243;ng &#273;&#225; &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n c&#243; t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c t&#259;ng th&#224;nh t&#237;ch b&#7853;t nh&#7843;y th&#234;m t&#7915; 5 &#273;&#7871;n 12.5%, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#7847;u th&#7911; d&#432;&#7899;i 13 tu&#7893;i ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7913;c t&#259;ng l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t (12.5%), n&#7889;i ti&#7871;p b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng c&#7847;u th&#7911; d&#432;&#7899;i 15 tu&#7893;i (10%) v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#7847;u th&#7911; d&#432;&#7899;i 17 tu&#7893;i c&#243; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t (5.7%). Nh&#7919;ng c&#7847;u th&#7911; kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; v&#7873; chi&#7873;u cao b&#7853;t nh&#7843;y. &#272;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#224; c&#7909; th&#7875; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i n&#224;y x&#7843;y ra ch&#7881; sau 6 tu&#7847;n, cho th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh v&#7873; th&#7875; ch&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p, m&#224; thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; th&#7847;n kinh - c&#417; b&#7855;p khi t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n c&#244;ng su&#7845;t (hay b&#249;ng n&#7893;) t&#7887; ra m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i h&#417;n.</p><h2><strong>Nh&#7919;ng Nguy C&#417; V&#224; Lo Ng&#7841;i</strong></h2><p>M&#7897;t m&#7889;i lo ng&#7841;i t&#7891;n t&#7915; l&#226;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n nguy c&#417; v&#224; r&#7911;i ro ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng cao h&#417;n khi t&#7853;p t&#7841; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19620931/">10</a>]<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38729629/">. </a>C&#7909; th&#7875;, s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a x&#432;&#417;ng tr&#7867; em v&#224; x&#432;&#417;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n l&#224; s&#7921; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#8220;s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; (<em>growth plate </em>hay <em>physis</em>). &#8220;S&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; l&#224; t&#234;n g&#7885;i cho ph&#7847;n s&#7909;n &#7903; tr&#234;n c&#249;ng ph&#7847;n c&#7893; c&#7911;a x&#432;&#417;ng d&#224;i &#7903; tr&#7867; em, ngay d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a x&#432;&#417;ng, cho ph&#233;p x&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, &#8220;s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng, s&#7843;n sinh th&#234;m c&#225;c s&#7909;n, l&#224;m t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a x&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng tr&#7903; n&#234;n c&#7913;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh x&#432;&#417;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tr&#7903; th&#224;nh x&#432;&#417;ng, &#8220;s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; c&#243; &#273;&#7897; b&#7873;n k&#233;o (<em>tensile strength </em>hay kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#7883;u l&#7921;c k&#233;o &#273;&#7913;t) kh&#225; y&#7871;u, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7845;p th&#7909; l&#7921;c c&#7911;a n&#243; so v&#7899;i to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#242;n l&#7841;i c&#7911;a x&#432;&#417;ng, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#7843; &#7903; m&#7897;t s&#7889; m&#244; m&#7873;m kh&#225;c. V&#236; th&#7871;, tr&#234;n l&#253; thuy&#7871;t, m&#7897;t ch&#7845;t th&#432;&#417;ng g&#226;y ra gi&#227;n d&#226;y ch&#7857;ng &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng g&#226;y &#273;&#7913;t g&#227;y s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng &#7903; tr&#7867; em, c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n &#8220;k&#236;m h&#227;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n&#8221; (<em>stunted growth</em>) [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24393806/">11</a>]<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38729629/">.</a></p><p>Trong khi nh&#7919;ng nguy c&#417; n&#224;y nghe c&#243; v&#7875; &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; v&#224; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#7873; sinh l&#253;, t&#7881; l&#7879; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; h&#7879; qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng l&#7841;i &#237;t g&#226;y kinh h&#227;i h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u. &#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n l&#224;, &#273;&#7875; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#8220;k&#236;m h&#227;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n&#8221; x&#7843;y ra &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i m&#7897;t ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#7903; &#8220;s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221;. &#272;a s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng lo ng&#7841;i ban &#273;&#7847;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7867; nh&#7887; t&#7853;p t&#7841; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u h&#7891;i c&#7913;u v&#224;o th&#7853;p k&#7881; 70 v&#224; 80 c&#7911;a th&#7871; k&#7881; tr&#432;&#7899;c. Khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n, &#8220;<em>de Salles Painelli</em>&#8221; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n x&#7843;y ra khi t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225;m s&#225;t hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225;m s&#225;t thi&#7871;u tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7897; nghi&#7879;p v&#7909;, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, ho&#7863;c v&#7899;i thi&#7871;t b&#7883; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng k&#233;m, ho&#7863;c v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; kh&#244;ng h&#7907;p l&#253; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19620931/">10</a>,<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24393806/">11</a>,<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3483033/">12</a>]. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, trong khi m&#7897;t s&#7889; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng c&#243; x&#7843;y ra trong nh&#7919;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o n&#224;y, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7873;u &#7903; m&#7913;c nh&#7865;. Trong m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i c&#7913;u v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng khi t&#7853;p t&#7841; &#7903; c&#7845;p trung h&#7885;c ph&#7893; th&#244;ng trong 5 n&#259;m, ch&#7881; c&#243; t&#7893;ng c&#7897;ng 80 v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n g&#7863;p ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng, ch&#7881; 43 tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; t&#7853;p t&#7841;, v&#224; ch&#7881; c&#243; 4 trong &#273;&#243; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6459035/">13</a>].</p><p>M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, t&#7881; l&#7879; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c ghi nh&#7853;n b&#7903;i c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan s&#225;t theo th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m trong kho&#7843;ng 0.053 &#273;&#7871;n 0.176 ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng tr&#234;n 100 gi&#7901; [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3483033/">12</a>], v&#7889;n kh&#225; th&#7845;p n&#7871;u so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i t&#7881; l&#7879; c&#7911;a c&#225;c m&#244;n th&#7875; thao va ch&#7841;m &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n. V&#237; d&#7909;, c&#243; 0.65 &#273;&#7871;n 1.06 ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i ngh&#7881; thi &#273;&#7845;u hay t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n tr&#234;n 100 gi&#7901; &#7903; b&#7897; m&#244;n Rugby [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16247264/">14</a>]. Nh&#432; b&#7845;t c&#7913; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7875; ch&#7845;t hay th&#7875; thao n&#224;o, t&#7853;p t&#7841; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng nguy c&#417; &#7849;n trong &#273;&#243;, v&#224; tr&#7867; em l&#224; nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t d&#7877; b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i c&#225;c em v&#7851;n &#273;ang tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh v&#7873; th&#7875; ch&#7845;t v&#224; t&#226;m tr&#237;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, tr&#7867; em c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch r&#245; r&#7879;t t&#7915; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c, v&#7899;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n &#7903; nh&#7919;ng em m&#7899;i d&#7853;y th&#236;, nh&#432; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n &#7903; tr&#234;n. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, v&#7899;i s&#7921; gia t&#259;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n c&#7911;a hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng b&#233;o ph&#236; v&#224; b&#7879;nh m&#227;n t&#237;nh &#7903; tr&#7867; em, vi&#7879;c gi&#250;p c&#225;c em tham gia v&#224;o t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c m&#7897;t c&#225;ch an to&#224;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; l&#224; m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng n&#234;n l&#224;m s&#7899;m nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21293241/">15</a>]. V&#7899;i c&#226;n nh&#7855;c n&#224;y, t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#7911;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i tr&#236;nh b&#224;y m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng, c&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n l&#224;m gi&#7843;m nh&#7919;ng nguy c&#417; n&#224;y (B&#7842;NG 1).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png" width="864" height="937" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f1K2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf09b20-96b1-4630-83c2-daaefabdf52c_864x937.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>Khuy&#7871;n C&#225;o</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#7911;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng, c&#243; r&#7845;t &#237;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p so s&#225;nh &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau trong ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i - m&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#242;n ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, ch&#7881; c&#243; duy nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#8220;ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p&#8221; (<em>meta-analysis</em>) [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4941165/">16</a>] &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng trung b&#236;nh v&#7899;i c&#225;c l&#432;&#7907;ng Volume, c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; v&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n kh&#225;c nhau &#7903; nh&#7919;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i. Trong <em>meta-analysis</em> duy nh&#7845;t n&#224;y b&#7903;i &#8220;<em>Lesinki v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221;, c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; ghi nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng, t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n trong 6 th&#225;ng ho&#7863;c l&#226;u h&#417;n, trong &#273;&#243;, 5 Sets x 6 - 8 Reps &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7895;i b&#224;i t&#7853;p, v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng v&#7899;i 80 - 89%1RM v&#224; th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881; kho&#7843;ng 3-4 ph&#250;t &#273;em l&#7841;i ti&#7871;n b&#7897; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t v&#7873; S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; tr&#234;n kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n l&#224; c&#225; bi&#7879;t &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#237;. C&#225;c <em>meta-analysis</em> tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh c&#361;ng ghi nh&#7853;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, theo &#273;&#243; t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n v&#7899;i t&#7841; n&#7863;ng, Volume trung b&#236;nh v&#224; th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881; &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7871;n b&#7897; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh r&#245; r&#7879;t. Tuy nhi&#234;n, th&#7913; ch&#250;ng ta n&#234;n ti&#7871;p thu t&#7915; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#224; &#8220;kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m&#8221; v&#224; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c ch&#250;ng &#7911;ng h&#7897;, v&#224; t&#237;ch h&#7907;p ch&#250;ng v&#224;o m&#7897;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n. May m&#7855;n thay, &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u &#8220;<em>de Salles Painelli</em>&#8221; [1] l&#224;m trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i. Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n h&#7885; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; nh&#7865; &#7903; kho&#7843;ng 50 - 70%1RM, Volume th&#7845;p kho&#7843;ng 1 - 2 Sets x 12 - 15 Reps, v&#224; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i 1 - 2 l&#7847;n/tu&#7847;n. T&#225;c gi&#7843; ch&#7911; r&#7857;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n t&#7841; nh&#7865;, Volume th&#7845;p n&#224;y s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i, cho ph&#233;p c&#225;c em l&#224;m quen v&#7899;i t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i v&#7899;i ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p th&#7875; thao, v&#224; t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c an to&#224;n. Sau &#273;&#243;, khi c&#225;c em l&#7899;n h&#417;n v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n h&#417;n, t&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t t&#259;ng ti&#7871;n l&#234;n 2-3 bu&#7893;i/tu&#7847;n, th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n 2 - 3 Sets x 8 - 12 Reps v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; 70 - 85%1RM, v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; 2-3 bu&#7893;i/tu&#7847;n v&#7899;i 3 - 5 Sets &#7903; m&#7913;c t&#7841; 85%1RM ho&#7863;c cao h&#417;n (B&#7842;NG 2).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s_Ns!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff3d4144-99c2-4feb-8f7d-8fcb319ec786_1448x679.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s_Ns!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff3d4144-99c2-4feb-8f7d-8fcb319ec786_1448x679.png" width="1448" height="679" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s_Ns!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff3d4144-99c2-4feb-8f7d-8fcb319ec786_1448x679.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s_Ns!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff3d4144-99c2-4feb-8f7d-8fcb319ec786_1448x679.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s_Ns!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff3d4144-99c2-4feb-8f7d-8fcb319ec786_1448x679.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s_Ns!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff3d4144-99c2-4feb-8f7d-8fcb319ec786_1448x679.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#7873; t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n n&#224;y kh&#225; &#7893;n, Tuy nhi&#234;n, kho&#7843;ng Rep v&#224; th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881; &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u (<em>Beginner</em>) v&#224; trung c&#7845;p (<em>Intermediate</em>) c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n. C&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c nhanh h&#417;n gi&#7919;a c&#225;c Sets so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15741851/">17</a>], nh&#432;ng sau &#273;&#243; b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng n&#234;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh c&#417; s&#7903; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881;, b&#7903;i <em>meta-analysis</em> &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; ghi nh&#7853;n ti&#7871;n b&#7897; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n v&#7899;i th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881; ~3 - 4 ph&#250;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n &#273;&#250;ng; tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#237; khi m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ch&#7881; n&#234;n ngh&#7881; 1 - 2 ph&#250;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; v&#7867; h&#417;i t&#7921; m&#226;u thu&#7851;n.</p><p>Trong khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n 12 - 15 Reps v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; 50 - 70%1RM (&#273;a s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n 20+ Reps) c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng g&#226;y ra &#273;&#7911; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i &#273;&#7875; vi&#7879;c ngh&#7881; ch&#7881; 1 - 2 ph&#250;t tr&#7903; th&#224;nh v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, &#273;&#226;y c&#243; l&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#225;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n cho c&#225;c em h&#7885;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng n&#7871;u nh&#432; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; gi&#250;p c&#225;c em t&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7863;ng h&#417;n. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n thay th&#7871; l&#224; t&#7853;p &#237;t Reps h&#417;n trong m&#7895;i Set, v&#237; d&#7909; 8 - 12 Reps v&#7899;i c&#249;ng m&#7913;c t&#7841; (50 - 70%1RM), khi&#7871;n th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881; 1-2 ph&#250;t c&#224;ng &#237;t g&#226;y c&#7843;n tr&#7903; h&#417;n. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, ban &#273;&#7847;u c&#225;c em n&#234;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o di chuy&#7875;n thanh &#273;&#242;n nhanh nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; trong kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh trong khi v&#7851;n duy tr&#236; k&#297; thu&#7853;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng. V&#236; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; b&#7855;p c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng r&#245; r&#7879;t &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#224;y, t&#7853;p xa ng&#432;&#7905;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng lo. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, v&#7899;i t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#244;ng su&#7845;t (power) cho ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c m&#244;n th&#7875; thao v&#224; t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a h&#236;nh th&#224;nh k&#297; thu&#7853;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i v&#224; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o k&#297; thu&#7853;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n khi m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u. C&#242;n sau &#273;&#243;, nh&#7919;ng khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o c&#7911;a c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#243; th&#7875; coi l&#224; h&#7907;p l&#253;, b&#7903;i b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng kho&#7843;ng li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; m&#7913;c t&#7841; khi c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh v&#224; ti&#7871;n b&#7897; h&#417;n (m&#7863;c d&#249; &#7903; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7897; trung h&#7841;n, kho&#7843;ng Rep 6 - 10 s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n so v&#7899;i 8-12 Reps cho m&#7909;c ti&#234;u s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t v&#224; m&#7913;c t&#7841; 70 - 85%1RM).</p><p></p><div class="pullquote"><h1>K&#202;&#769;T LU&#194;&#803;N VA&#768; &#431;&#769;NG DU&#803;NG</h1><p>Nh&#7919;ng lo ng&#7841;i ban &#273;&#7847;u v&#7873; nguy c&#417; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng &#8220;s&#7909;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; do t&#7853;p t&#7841; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7911;ng h&#7897; trong th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n, m&#7863;c d&#249; an to&#224;n v&#7851;n n&#234;n l&#224; &#432;u ti&#234;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u khi hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i. M&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, gi&#225;m s&#225;t v&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i thi&#7871;t b&#7883; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7889;t &#273;&#7873;u an to&#224;n v&#224; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7871;n b&#7897; l&#7899;n v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#237;. Trong khi s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; ti&#7871;n b&#7897; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n d&#7853;y th&#236;, ch&#250;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khu&#7871;ch &#273;&#7841;i b&#7903;i t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c, v&#224; &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253; nh&#7845;t l&#224; &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i h&#417;n. Tuy nhi&#234;n, hi&#7879;n v&#7851;n ch&#432;a r&#245; li&#7879;u t&#7853;p Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c c&#243; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; b&#7855;p &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; &#7903; c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i d&#7853;y th&#236; hay kh&#244;ng, n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra v&#224;o th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;o khi d&#7853;y th&#236;, v&#224; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; n&#243; di&#7877;n ra nh&#7901; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c b&#234;n c&#7841;nh s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#7921; nhi&#234;n &#7903; c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n kh&#225;c nhau khi tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n t&#259;ng ti&#7871;n t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng khi gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n nh&#7887; tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n Kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c, b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; nh&#7865; v&#224; Volume th&#7845;p nh&#7857;m h&#236;nh th&#224;nh v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n k&#297; n&#259;ng, sau &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n m&#7913;c t&#7841; nh&#7857;m t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng th&#224;nh t&#237;ch th&#7875; thao.</p></div><h3>T&#431; LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O</h3><ol><li><p>de Salles Painelli (2023). <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42978-023-00251-y">Risks and Recommendations for Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review with Emphasis on Muscular Fitness and Hypertrophic Responses</a>.</p></li><li><p>Sander et al (2013). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24050460/">Influence of a 2-year strength training programme on power performance in elite youth soccer players</a>.</p></li><li><p>Weston et al (2015). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25025936/">Isolated core training improves sprint performance in national-level junior swimmers</a>.</p></li><li><p>Moore et al (2013). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24427394/">Improvements in shoulder endurance following a baseball-specific strengthening program in high school baseball players</a>.</p></li><li><p>Rodr&#237;guez-Rosell et al (2017). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806013/">Effect of High-Speed Strength Training on Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players of Different Ages</a>.</p></li><li><p>Ozmun et al (1994). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8201908/">Neuromuscular adaptations following prepubescent strength training</a>.</p></li><li><p>Lillegard et al (1997). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9689250/">Efficacy of strength training in prepubescent to early postpubescent males and females: effects of gender and maturity</a>.</p></li><li><p>Fukunaga et al (1992). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1642736/">The effects of resistance training on muscle area and strength in prepubescent age</a>.</p></li><li><p>Granacher et al (2011). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21380967/">Effects and mechanisms of strength training in children</a>.</p></li><li><p>Faigenbaum et al (2009). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19620931/">Youth resistance training: updated position statement paper from the national strength and conditioning association</a>.</p></li><li><p>Milone et al (2013). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24393806/">There is no need to avoid resistance training (weight lifting) until physeal closure</a>.</p></li><li><p>Faigenbaum &amp; Myer (2010). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3483033/">Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects</a>.</p></li><li><p>Brady et al (1982). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6459035/">Weight training-related injuries in the high school athlete</a>.</p></li><li><p>McIntosh (2005). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16247264/">Rugby injuries</a>.</p></li><li><p>Nettle &amp; Sprogis (2011). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21293241/">Pediatric exercise: truth and/or consequences</a>.</p></li><li><p>Lesinski et al (2016). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26851290/">Effects and dose-response relationships of resistance training on physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis</a>.</p></li><li><p>Zafeiridis et al (2005). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15741851/">Recovery during high-intensity intermittent anaerobic exercise in boys, teens, and men</a>.</p></li><li><p>Helms (2024). Is Being Too Young to Lift a Thing? Monthly Application in Strength Sports (MASS), Volume 8, Issue 1.</p></li></ol><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TĂNG TẦN SUẤT TẬP LUYỆN ĐỂ THÚC ĐẨY SỨC MẠNH]]></title><description><![CDATA[GI&#7898;I THI&#7878;U CHUNG]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/tang-tan-suat-tap-luyen-e-thuc-ay</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/tang-tan-suat-tap-luyen-e-thuc-ay</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 2024 14:03:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ae4b7062-1b12-49e6-8691-7cd2c472a95f_1640x924.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><strong>GI&#7898;I THI&#7878;U CHUNG</strong></h2><p>&#8220;T&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n&#8221; (Training Frequency) - &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t hay s&#7889; l&#7847;n b&#7841;n t&#7853;p m&#7897;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng hay s&#7889; l&#7847;n m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p trong tu&#7847;n. T&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n s&#7889; hay m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p x&#226;y d&#7921;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i th&#236; bi&#7871;n s&#7889; n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quan t&#226;m b&#7857;ng c&#225;c bi&#7871;n s&#7889; kh&#225;c nh&#432; Volume v&#224; Intensity. T&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n s&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh.</p><h2><strong>&#221; ch&#237;nh b&#224;i vi&#7871;t :</strong></h2><ol><li><p>T&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; l&#253; do h&#7907;p l&#253; cho th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417;/chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao (b&#7889;n l&#7847;n tr&#7903; l&#234;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n) c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;em l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch cho vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; t&#259;ng c&#417;.</p></li><li><p>Vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7897;t gi&#225;o &#225;n t&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao cho m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417; hay m&#7897;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;o &#273;&#243; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i kh&#233;o l&#233;o, v&#236; vi&#7879;c nh&#243;m c&#417; hay chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#243; ph&#7843;i t&#7853;p v&#224;o 2 ng&#224;y li&#234;n ti&#7871;p l&#224; kh&#243; tr&#225;nh kh&#7887;i.</p></li><li><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y gi&#250;p m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n trong vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u li&#234;n quan.</p></li></ol><p>Trong nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, khi Volume v&#224; Intensity th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh, c&#242;n Frequency th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai ph&#7909;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, m&#7897;t v&#224;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao (High Frequency) c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch nh&#7887; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#361;ng nh&#432; C&#417; b&#7855;p. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, v&#7899;i kinh nghi&#7879;m trong hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u HLV th&#236; vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng th&#234;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#7853;p &#7903; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n cho m&#7895;i chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng (t&#259;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p), c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p h&#7885;c vi&#234;n ho&#7863;c V&#272;V c&#7911;a h&#7885; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; t&#259;ng th&#234;m s&#7921; t&#7921; tin v&#224;o b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#243;. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i v&#224;o ph&#7847;n &#225;p d&#7909;ng chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t cho c&#225;ch thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p &#8220;t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao&#8221;, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; &#273;i&#7875;m qua m&#7897;t v&#224;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#7847;n l&#224;m r&#245; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&#7873; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#7919;a. Frequency - hay t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; s&#7889; l&#7847;n trong tu&#7847;n b&#7841;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng, hay s&#7889; l&#7847;n m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p. N&#7871;u Squat &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n v&#224;o Th&#7913; 2, Th&#7913; 4 v&#224; Leg Press &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n v&#224;o Th&#7913; 6, ta s&#7869; g&#7885;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n cho nh&#243;m c&#417; &#272;&#249;i tr&#432;&#7899;c/M&#244;ng hay c&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; Squat l&#224; 3 l&#7847;n/tu&#7847;n. T&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p cao (High Frequency training) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; t&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t b&#7857;ng ho&#7863;c l&#7899;n h&#417;n 4 m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n (&#8805; 4x/tu&#7847;n).</p><p>V&#7899;i b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh t&#259;ng C&#417; (Hypertrophy), c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; cho th&#7845;y t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p 2 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n s&#7869; cho ra k&#7871;t qu&#7843; v&#7873; t&#259;ng c&#417; t&#7889;t h&#417;n l&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p 1 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n. Ch&#237;nh nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u d&#7841;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p (meta-analysis) c&#7911;a &#8220;Schoenfeld v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;&#8221; v&#224;o n&#259;m 2016 [1] &#273;&#227; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, tuy nhi&#234;n &#244;ng v&#224; c&#225;c c&#7897;ng s&#7921; l&#7841;i ch&#432;a c&#243; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n v&#7873; vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n 2 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; gi&#250;p t&#259;ng c&#417; t&#7889;t h&#417;n kh&#244;ng (do thi&#7871;u c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u li&#234;n quan). Tuy nhi&#234;n, m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#7897;i b&#7897; kh&#225;c [2] &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Greg Nuckols l&#7841;i cho th&#7845;y c&#243; th&#7875; vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n 2 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7841;o ra l&#7907;i &#237;ch h&#417;n cho t&#259;ng c&#417;, m&#7863;c d&#249; l&#224; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#432;a th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#7911; m&#7841;nh.</p><h2>T&#7846;N SU&#7844;T T&#7852;P LUY&#7878;N V&#192; PH&#193;T TRI&#7874;N C&#416; B&#7854;P</h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#7903; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921;a v&#224;o c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; c&#249;ng m&#7913;c Volume t&#7853;p gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m tham gia. V&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m tra xem li&#7879;u c&#243; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p gi&#7919;a &#8220;t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p&#8221; v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; b&#7855;p hay kh&#244;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#234;n ph&#432;&#417;ng di&#7879;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#225;p d&#7909;ng trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p v&#7899;i 1 t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao h&#417;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; &#273;em l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i &#237;ch h&#417;n, v&#236; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; d&#7877; d&#224;ng t&#259;ng th&#234;m Volume t&#7853;p (&#8593; s&#7889; Set t&#7853;p) &#7903; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao, c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; n&#7897;i dung tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t 5 - 7 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7889;t h&#417;n cho vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng c&#417;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png" width="1214" height="220" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:220,&quot;width&quot;:1214,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:42647,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXRh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2828aa4d-5de7-4d66-a5bc-6fa3cb74a014_1214x220.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#7893;ng k&#7871;t l&#7841;i v&#7899;i b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#7873; t&#259;ng c&#417; th&#236; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t l&#7899;n h&#417;n 2 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n cho m&#7895;i nh&#243;m c&#417; c&#243; v&#7867; kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i g&#236;, nh&#432;ng vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p l&#234;n tr&#234;n 2 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n n&#7871;u &#225;p d&#7909;ng h&#7907;p l&#253; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i &#237;ch kh&#225;c</p><h2>T&#7846;N SU&#7844;T T&#7852;P LUY&#7878;N V&#192; PH&#193;T TRI&#7874;N S&#7912;C M&#7840;NH</h2><p>Greg Nuckols c&#361;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p kh&#225;c [3] &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#225;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n cho S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, v&#224; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n r&#7857;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#273;&#7871;n S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n so v&#7899;i T&#259;ng c&#417;. Gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i meta-analysis v&#7873; T&#259;ng c&#417; &#7903; tr&#234;n, &#244;ng c&#361;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;, so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; c&#249;ng m&#7913;c Volume t&#7853;p.</p><p>T&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao h&#417;n s&#7869; cho ra nh&#7919;ng Set t&#7853;p ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n, &#273;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra l&#7907;i &#237;ch nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh so v&#7899;i y&#7871;u t&#7889; t&#259;ng c&#417;. V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p 12 Sets Squat trong m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n, n&#7871;u h&#7885; chia ra t&#7853;p 3 bu&#7893;i th&#236; m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i s&#7869; t&#7853;p 4 sets Squat, c&#242;n n&#7871;u h&#7885; chia ra ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trong 2 bu&#7893;i th&#236; m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i s&#7869; t&#7853;p 6 Sets Squat. Vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p v&#7899;i ch&#7881; 4 Sets m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i s&#7869; gi&#250;p m&#7895;i Set t&#7853;p c&#243; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n l&#224; d&#7891;n 6 Sets m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i. Strength lu&#244;n g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i k&#7929; n&#259;ng, m&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#236; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n n&#7871;u nh&#432; m&#7895;i Set t&#7853;p, m&#7895;i Rep t&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i th&#7845;p h&#417;n (gi&#250;p duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7895;i Rep, duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c l&#7921;c t&#7841;o ra b&#7883; suy gi&#7843;m &#237;t h&#417;n). Do &#273;&#243; vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p s&#7889; Set &#237;t h&#417;n m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i s&#7869; cho ra ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7895;i Set t&#7853;p t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p><h2>&#7912;NG D&#7908;NG NH&#7918;NG PH&#193;T HI&#7878;N V&#7872; T&#7846;N SU&#7844;T T&#7852;P  </h2><p>Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; &#273;i qua m&#7897;t v&#224;i c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u li&#234;n quan, gi&#7901; l&#224; l&#250;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c d&#7919; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n. Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n th&#236; c&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng, ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng &#273;i t&#236;m ki&#7871;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; cho ra 1 con s&#7889; c&#7909; th&#7875;, ki&#7875;u r&#7857;ng &#8220;t&#7853;p X hay Y l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n s&#7869; t&#7889;t h&#417;n&#8221;, m&#224; thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; l&#224; gi&#250;p nh&#236;n ra vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a t&#7847;n su&#7845;t trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n v&#224; xem li&#7879;u n&#234;n &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng n&#243; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u n&#7919;a l&#224; ta c&#361;ng c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; th&#7921;c t&#7871; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n. T&#7841;i c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, h&#7885; s&#7869; c&#244; l&#7853;p t&#7915;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#7897;t trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m s&#225;ng t&#7887; xem li&#7879;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#243; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng.</p><p>T&#7841;i c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, n&#7871;u ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n xem x&#233;t li&#7879;u t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh trong b&#224;i Squat, l&#250;c n&#224;y ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n nh&#432; m&#7913;c t&#7841;, s&#7889; set t&#7853;p, th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881;, v.v., v&#224; ch&#7881; thay &#273;&#7893;i duy nh&#7845;t t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p th&#244;i. V&#237; d&#7909;, khi gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n Volume t&#7853;p l&#224; 16 Sets t&#7853;p Squat/tu&#7847;n, th&#236; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t 2 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n th&#236; chia ra 8 Sets/bu&#7893;i, c&#242;n t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p 4 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n th&#236; chia ra 4 Sets/bu&#7893;i.</p><ul><li><p>Ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;p 2 bu&#7893;i Squat &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#7899;i 5 Set/bu&#7893;i &#7903; m&#7913;c t&#7841; n&#7863;ng.</p></li><li><p>Bu&#7893;i th&#7913; 3, ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n s&#7869; t&#7853;p Squat, nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; nh&#7865; h&#417;n, &#7903; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; cao h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; luy&#7879;n th&#234;m k&#7929; n&#259;ng, kho&#7843;ng 3 Set cho bu&#7893;i n&#224;y.</p></li><li><p>V&#224; bu&#7893;i th&#7913; 4 ta s&#7869; t&#7853;p 3 Set b&#224;i Leg Press v&#7899;i m&#7913;c RPE cao &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;p trung c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n Hypertrophy.</p></li></ul><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871;, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; linh ho&#7841;t h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. N&#7871;u t&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t 4 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n, &#7903; m&#7913;c Volume l&#224; 16 Sets/tu&#7847;n:</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y, ch&#250;ng ta ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; linh &#273;&#7897;ng h&#417;n trong vi&#7879;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p M&#7913;c t&#7841;, s&#7889; set t&#7853;p, c&#361;ng nh&#432; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cho m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i Squat, thay v&#236; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432; &#7903; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u.</p><p>B&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i t&#244;i s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a th&#234;m m&#7897;t s&#7889; chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t &#225;p d&#7909;ng T&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p cao trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n.</p><h3>C&#225;c Chi&#7871;n Thu&#7853;t T&#7853;p Luy&#7879;n V&#7899;i T&#7847;n Su&#7845;t Cao</h3><p>Khi &#225;p d&#7909;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n 4 l&#7847;n/tu&#7847;n ho&#7863;c h&#417;n, th&#236; vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p c&#249;ng m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417; hay chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#7903; 2 ng&#224;y li&#234;n ti&#7871;p l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#243; tr&#225;nh kh&#7887;i. V&#7847; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n ngo&#224;i kia s&#7907; ph&#225;t khi&#7871;p khi nghe ph&#7843;i t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n nh&#243;m c&#417; ho&#7863;c b&#224;i t&#7853;p 2 ng&#224;y li&#234;n ti&#7871;p. Ph&#7843;i th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p 2 ng&#224;y li&#234;n ti&#7871;p c&#249;ng m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#225; b&#7889;i r&#7889;i khi nghe l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#243;c t&#225;ch m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n.</p><h3>Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n 1 - Bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Strength &#7903; tr&#432;&#7899;c bu&#7893;i Hypertroph</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png" width="1420" height="232" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:232,&quot;width&quot;:1420,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:51156,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhsD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F003bfba9-d16d-4d3f-ae3e-f9d44a630625_1420x232.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#7899;i ki&#7875;u ph&#226;n b&#7889; n&#224;y, y&#7871;u t&#7889; Strength s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u ti&#234;n h&#417;n. Vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c Set t&#7853;p thi&#234;n v&#7873; Strength - C&#243; m&#7913;c t&#7841; l&#7899;n (g&#7847;n v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng 1RM h&#417;n) &#7903; nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7847;u ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7847;u tu&#7847;n s&#7869; gi&#250;p h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#237;t m&#7879;t m&#7887;i h&#417;n, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; m&#7913;c l&#7921;c t&#7841;o ra s&#7869; l&#7899;n h&#417;n trong c&#225;c Set, m&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t khi c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n Strength. Th&#7913; hai, v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u Hypertrophy (t&#259;ng c&#417;), th&#236; vi&#7879;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u bu&#7893;i hay cu&#7889;i bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7873;u cho ra m&#7913;c t&#259;ng c&#417; l&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng [4], ngo&#224;i ra th&#236; vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng c&#417; c&#361;ng l&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng b&#7845;t k&#7875; b&#7841;n c&#243; d&#224;n &#273;&#7873;u c&#225;c bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#243; ra c&#7843; tu&#7847;n hay l&#224; t&#7853;p &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y li&#234;n ti&#7871;p [5]. Do &#273;&#243;, vi&#7879;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p b&#224;i t&#7853;p High Bar Squat &#7903; bu&#7893;i th&#7913; 2, c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n gi&#7843;m m&#7913;c t&#7841; t&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (do m&#7879;t m&#7887;i), nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#7899;n.</p><h3>Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n 2 - Bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Strength &#7903; tr&#432;&#7899;c bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Power/Technique</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png" width="1382" height="220" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:220,&quot;width&quot;:1382,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:47157,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nEt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe33d83de-9ac8-4008-88a4-d159bd672a57_1382x220.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#7902; ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n n&#224;y, gi&#7889;ng v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n th&#236; bu&#7893;i 1 ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; t&#7853;p trung c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n Strength v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i cao. C&#242;n bu&#7893;i 2, s&#7869; l&#224; bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n th&#234;m k&#7929; thu&#7853;t trong b&#224;i Squat. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#236; m&#7913;c t&#7841; 72.5% 1RM h&#7847;u h&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 10 Reps l&#224; &#273;&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7905;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, do &#273;&#243; vi&#7879;c ch&#7881; t&#7853;p v&#7899;i 3 Reps l&#224; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i form v&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7889;t, k&#7875; c&#7843; bu&#7893;i 1 tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i c&#243; b&#7883; t&#237;ch t&#7909; nhi&#7873;u. Trong khi ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n n&#224;y v&#7899;i bu&#7893;i 2 t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o s&#7921; &#8216;b&#249;ng n&#7893;&#8217; (Power) ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871;, t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n v&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; r&#7845;t nh&#7865; (ch&#7881; 10% 1RM) &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho th&#7845;y &#273;em l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch v&#7873; h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c [6].</p><h3>Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n 3 - Bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Power/Technique &#7903; tr&#432;&#7899;c bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Strength</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png" width="1404" height="232" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:232,&quot;width&quot;:1404,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:52961,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZPnN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b4f50a-580b-4102-979e-7efb58c43847_1404x232.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n n&#224;y ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n 2 &#7903; tr&#234;n. Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n n&#224;y th&#236; bu&#7893;i Strength s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#432;u ti&#234;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p k&#7929; thu&#7853;t hay ng&#224;y Power/Technique n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n th&#224;nh t&#237;ch cho bu&#7893;i Strength sau &#273;&#243;. Th&#7921;c ra th&#236; l&#253; do cho vi&#7879;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p n&#224;y &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; kinh nghi&#7879;m Coaching nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, b&#7843;n th&#226;n t&#244;i v&#224; nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ho&#7863;c V&#272;V t&#244;i bi&#7871;t, h&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y kh&#225; l&#224; tho&#7843;i m&#225;i v&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c sung s&#7913;c h&#417;n n&#7871;u bu&#7893;i Strength &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n sau bu&#7893;i Power/Technique. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t v&#224;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y, V&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;Zourdos v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;&#8221; n&#259;m 2016 [7] cho th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n 1 ng&#224;y t&#7853;p nh&#7865; h&#417;n (Power day) c&#225;ch bu&#7893;i Strength v&#224;i ng&#224;y c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n y&#7871;u t&#7889; Strength m&#7897;t ch&#250;t, n&#7871;u so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p 1 bu&#7893;i Hypertrophy c&#225;ch v&#224;i ng&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c bu&#7893;i Strength. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;Tsoukos v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;&#8221; [8] cho th&#7845;y bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Power c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#237;nh b&#249;ng n&#7893; &#7903; bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p sau &#273;&#243; (m&#7863;c d&#249; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; cho c&#225;c b&#7897; m&#244;n S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh).</p><p>c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n y&#7871;u t&#7889; Strength m&#7897;t ch&#250;t, n&#7871;u so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p 1 bu&#7893;i Hypertrophy c&#225;ch v&#224;i ng&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c bu&#7893;i Strength. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;Tsoukos v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;&#8221; [8] cho th&#7845;y bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Power c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#237;nh b&#249;ng n&#7893; &#7903; bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p sau &#273;&#243; (m&#7863;c d&#249; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; cho c&#225;c b&#7897; m&#244;n S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh).</p><h3>Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n 4 - &#272;a d&#7841;ng h&#243;a c&#225;c b&#224;i khi t&#7853;p c&#249;ng m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png" width="1398" height="238" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:238,&quot;width&quot;:1398,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:50036,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QjJg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F842f688a-aba6-45d6-8aab-c4ef624a6c02_1398x238.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#224;i Bulgarian Split Squat, m&#7863;c d&#249; c&#361;ng l&#224; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng du&#7895;i h&#244;ng v&#224; du&#7895;i g&#7889;i, nh&#432;ng ch&#250;ng l&#7841;i c&#243; c&#225;ch th&#7913;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n kh&#225;c so v&#7899;i Squat, ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#224;i t&#7853;p n&#224;y s&#7869; huy &#273;&#7897;ng c&#225;c v&#249;ng c&#417; kh&#225;c &#273;&#244;i ch&#250;t so v&#7899;i Squat [9]. Ngo&#224;i ra th&#236; m&#7913;c t&#7841; cho nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i b&#7893; tr&#7907; ki&#7875;u n&#224;y c&#361;ng gi&#7843;m &#273;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;, v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7853;p v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng Rep cao h&#417;n. Ki&#7875;u s&#7855;p x&#7871;p n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p t&#259;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cho c&#225;c d&#7841;ng chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng Squat, trong khi gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u m&#7879;t m&#7887;i v&#7873; t&#226;m l&#253;.</p><h2>V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; m&#7897;t l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p T&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao trong 1 tu&#7847;n</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png" width="1396" height="526" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:526,&quot;width&quot;:1396,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:134730,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqBE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb7350b-514c-498e-ae0f-e818a3e0aef5_1396x526.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p 4 l&#7847;n/tu&#7847;n cho chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng Squat tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; s&#7869; h&#417;i kh&#225;c th&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#236; &#237;t ai t&#7853;p v&#7853;y. Tuy nhi&#234;n, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch c&#7911;a v&#237; d&#7909; n&#224;y l&#224; gi&#250;p c&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#225;ch &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n. T&#7893;ng Set t&#7853;p cho c&#225;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng Squat &#7903; v&#237; d&#7909; n&#224;y l&#224; 20 Sets/tu&#7847;n, th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; Volume cao cho Th&#226;n d&#432;&#7899;i. Tuy nhi&#234;n, 5 Sets tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#224; d&#7841;ng Power/Technique, nh&#7919;ng Set t&#7853;p n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; c&#242;n c&#243; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#250;p h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c. Nh&#432; &#273;&#227; n&#234;u &#7903; tr&#234;n, &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; ki&#7875;u l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o Strength, khi bu&#7893;i n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; l&#234;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224; ph&#7843;i 3 ng&#224;y sau &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i &#273;&#7871;n bu&#7893;i Strength ti&#7871;p theo. V&#224; bu&#7893;i th&#7913; 2 t&#7853;p Strength th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i 2 ng&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;.</p><h2>K&#7871;t h&#7907;p th&#234;m Deadlift v&#224;o l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p Squat t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png" width="1410" height="726" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:726,&quot;width&quot;:1410,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:175487,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Iyfh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d3f0d39-b169-44ab-b7aa-54f6ad97a950_1410x726.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7897;t l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao (cho th&#226;n d&#432;&#7899;i), th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; &#253; &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i t&#7841;o ra t&#7915; 2 b&#224;i Squat v&#224; Deadlift, v&#224; s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; &#273;&#232; l&#234;n nhau n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng s&#7855;p x&#7871;p l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p kh&#233;o. &#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng c&#225;c b&#224;i t&#7853;p hay c&#225;ch th&#7913;c t&#7853;p m&#224; ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng v&#224;o Hypertrophy s&#7869; t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t [10]. V&#224; nh&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#7903; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;, v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u T&#259;ng c&#417; th&#236; vi&#7879;c s&#7855;p &#273;&#7863;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Hypertrophy s&#7869; &#237;t b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; nh&#432; l&#224; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#259;ng S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta n&#234;n s&#7855;p x&#7871;p bu&#7893;i Hypertrophy ngay g&#7847;n ph&#237;a sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Strength, &#273;&#7875; cho vi&#7879;c h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c &#7903; nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i Strength &#7903; tu&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#417;n.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, 4 m&#7851;u ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n &#273;&#227; n&#234;u &#7903; tr&#234;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7897;c nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p ki&#7875;u t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cao. V&#237; d&#7909;, theo kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a m&#7897;t s&#7889; HLV, ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a c&#225;c V&#272;V Powerlifting tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7897; cao th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7847;n c&#243; c&#225;c bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p Strength (ho&#7863;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p c&#243; Top Set n&#7863;ng) li&#7873;n nhau</p><p>nhau cho b&#224;i Bench Press. T&#237;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p l&#224; v&#244; t&#7853;n, n&#234;n hi v&#7885;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y cho b&#7841;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m tr&#234;n cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n hay cho h&#7885;c vi&#234;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[CREATINE: NHỮNG CÂU HỎI THƯỜNG GẶP VÀ HIỆU ỨNG ÍT AI BIẾT]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873;: Dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng, Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m b&#7893; sung, Creatine]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/creatine-nhung-cau-hoi-thuong-gap</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/creatine-nhung-cau-hoi-thuong-gap</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 09 Jun 2024 07:56:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y tr&#237;ch t&#7915; T&#7853;p San Th&#225;ng 04/2023 n&#7857;m trong chu&#7895;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t v&#7873; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &#8220;nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p v&#7873; Creatine&#8221;. C&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#242;n l&#7841;i trong series trong <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/thethinkingtrainer/p/tap-san-chuyen-mon-phat-hanh-hang?r=2z8vlo&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web">T&#7853;p San T3 Monthly Digest</a> Th&#225;ng 05/2023.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png" width="764" height="331" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:331,&quot;width&quot;:764,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:490842,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DqL7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0880c294-381a-41a2-8608-cee6d26de1df_764x331.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></div><p>Chu&#7895;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n trong hai nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843; c&#249;ng v&#7873; Creatine, m&#7897;t v&#7873; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a Creatine l&#234;n c&#417; b&#7855;p [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502271/">1</a>], x&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; n&#227;o b&#7897;, v&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#242;n l&#7841;i v&#7873; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35669557/">2</a>]. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t th&#234;m v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng d&#7909;ng &#237;t &#273;&#7871;n c&#7911;a Creatine, c&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng tranh c&#227;i ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n xoay quanh lo&#7841;i tpbs th&#244;ng d&#7909;ng n&#224;y.</p><h1>&#7842;NH H&#431;&#7902;NG L&#202;N X&#431;&#416;NG</h1><p>X&#432;&#417;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c tr&#7843;i qua qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7853;p &#273;i x&#226;y l&#7841;i, bao g&#7891;m &#8216;h&#7911;y x&#432;&#417;ng&#8217; (<em>resorption</em>, hay ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i v&#224; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; m&#244; x&#432;&#417;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh t&#7915; x&#432;&#417;ng) v&#224; &#8216;t&#7841;o x&#432;&#417;ng&#8217; (<em>osteogenesis</em>). Hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng <em>Osteosarcopenia </em>(nh&#432;&#7907;c c&#417; &#8211; x&#432;&#417;ng) l&#224; s&#7921; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#7911;a lo&#227;ng x&#432;&#417;ng (gi&#7843;m tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; x&#432;&#417;ng) v&#224; nh&#432;&#7907;c c&#417; (<em>sarcopenia</em>, hay m&#7845;t c&#417; v&#224; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh theo tu&#7893;i gi&#224;).</p><p>C&#243; 2 c&#417; ch&#7871; ch&#237;nh m&#224; Creatine c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e x&#432;&#417;ng kh&#7899;p.</p><ul><li><p>Th&#244;ng qua t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#417; b&#7855;p v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; cao [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34199420/">3</a>,<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12945830/">4</a>]. T&#7853;p luy&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7863;ng h&#417;n t&#7841;o ra &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#417; h&#7885;c l&#7899;n h&#417;n l&#234;n x&#432;&#417;ng (th&#244;ng qua l&#7921;c k&#233;o t&#7915; c&#417; b&#7855;p l&#234;n x&#432;&#417;ng qua g&#226;n).</p></li><li><p>Th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c, x&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng <em>creatine kinase </em>&#273;&#7875; s&#7843;n sinh n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng (ATP). M&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t l&#224;, b&#7893; sung Creatine c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n t&#7899;i s&#7843;n sinh ATP l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#7903; x&#432;&#417;ng, c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i t&#259;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o &#8216;t&#7841;o x&#432;&#417;ng&#8217; (<em>osteoblasts</em>), trong khi t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7843;n sinh protein <em>osteoprotegerin </em>gi&#250;p l&#224;m gi&#7843;m h&#7911;y x&#432;&#417;ng [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502271/">1</a>].</p></li></ul><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#7843; quan tr&#234;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t, c&#225;c th&#237; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;em l&#7841;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#225; m&#7901; nh&#7841;t. "<em>Forbes v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>" [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502271/">1</a>] t&#7893;ng k&#7871;t 3 th&#237; nghi&#7879;m c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng (RCT) tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i cao tu&#7893;i, v&#7899;i li&#7873;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#7915; 1g/ng&#224;y &#273;&#7871;n t&#259;ng n&#7841;p 20g/ng&#224;y v&#224; 5g/ng&#224;y duy tr&#236; sau &#273;&#243;, v&#224; th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng k&#233;o d&#224;i t&#7915; 24 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n 2 n&#259;m. M&#7863;c d&#249; th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#224;i v&#224; c&#243; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia l&#7899;n, c&#225;c RCT kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; n&#224;o li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng, m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; kho&#225;ng, h&#236;nh th&#225;i c&#7911;a x&#432;&#417;ng, v&#224; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i lu&#226;n chuy&#7875;n x&#432;&#417;ng (<em>bone turnover</em>). Nh&#236;n chung, c&#243; &#237;t RCT, v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#225; m&#7901; nh&#7841;t.</p><p>D&#249; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; Creatine v&#244; &#237;ch v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i cao tu&#7893;i. K&#7875; c&#7843; n&#7871;u Creatine kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng (vd: do ng&#227;), n&#243; v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p n&#226;ng cao kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, theo &#273;&#243; gi&#225;n ti&#7871;p ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh nguy c&#417; b&#7883; ng&#227; v&#224; g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30978926/">5</a>]. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, x&#432;&#417;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i th&#237;ch nghi v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i (d&#7853;y th&#236; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7847;u giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh) [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514517/">6</a>], do v&#7853;y c&#417; h&#7897;i t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n x&#432;&#417;ng<em> t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t</em> c&#7911;a Creatine l&#224; &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867;, thay v&#236; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224; nh&#432; &#7903; tr&#234;n. Nh&#432; th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n b&#7903;i <em>Forbes </em>[1], m&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; ch&#7881; ra hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a b&#7893; sung Creatine &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i tr&#7867; tu&#7893;i m&#7855;c ch&#7913;ng teo c&#417;, tuy nhi&#234;n kh&#244;ng r&#245; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#224;y &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i hay t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng c&#417; &#8211; x&#432;&#417;ng kh&#7899;p c&#7911;a h&#7885;.</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, Creatine kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao s&#7869; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng gi&#225;n ti&#7871;p l&#234;n x&#432;&#417;ng kh&#7899;p, th&#244;ng qua t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, khi&#7871;n c&#417; b&#7855;p kh&#7887;e h&#417;n. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, m&#7863;c d&#249; c&#243; &#237;ch v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i cao tu&#7893;i, Creatine s&#7869; d&#7877; c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; l&#234;n x&#432;&#417;ng kh&#7899;p nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><h1>&#7842;NH H&#431;&#7902;NG L&#202;N N&#195;O B&#7896;</h1><p>N&#227;o b&#7897; chi&#7871;m t&#7899;i 20% n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ti&#234;u hao c&#417; s&#7903;, m&#7863;c d&#249; ch&#7881; chi&#7871;m 2% tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502271/">1</a>]. Creatine &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; ngu&#7891;n cung ATP li&#234;n t&#7909;c cho n&#227;o b&#7897;, n&#234;n m&#7897;t gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; l&#253; l&#224;, b&#7893; sung Creatine s&#7869; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c l&#234;n c&#225;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o b&#7897;, nh&#432; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng tr&#237; tu&#7879;, c&#225;c t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng t&#226;m l&#253; v&#224; b&#7879;nh l&#253; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o b&#7897;.</p><p>Tr&#7867; em sinh ra m&#7855;c h&#7897;i ch&#7913;ng thi&#7871;u h&#7909;t Creatine n&#227;o ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t c&#225;c r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n v&#7873; tr&#237; tu&#7879; v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33578876/">7</a>]. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#225;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; v&#224; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;<em>Roschel v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221; [7]. M&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;i&#7875;m c&#243; th&#7875; t&#243;m t&#7855;t nh&#432; sau</p><p><em>Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t</em>, &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a b&#7893; sung Creatine l&#234;n <em>n&#227;o b&#7897; </em>kh&#225;c xa v&#7899;i c&#417; b&#7855;p.</p><ul><li><p>V&#7899;i <em><strong>c&#417; b&#7855;p</strong></em>, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng li&#7873;u 3-5g/ng&#224;y d&#7851;n t&#7899;i t&#259;ng 20% - 40% m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; b&#227;o h&#242;a Creatine trong c&#417; b&#7855;p sau 3-4 tu&#7847;n. M&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i (20-30%) kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i Creatine, n&#234;n &#7903; h&#7885; kh&#244;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c t&#259;ng tr&#234;n, b&#7903;i h&#7885; c&#243; m&#7913;c b&#227;o h&#242;a Creatine c&#417; s&#7903; cao s&#7861;n (v&#236; th&#7871; h&#7885; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i b&#7893; sung. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7849;y nhanh b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#8216;t&#259;ng n&#7841;p&#8217; (loading, v&#7899;i li&#7873;u 20-25g/ng&#224;y trong 5-7 ng&#224;y) nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. Th&#234;m v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t Creatine n&#7897;i sinh s&#7869; t&#7841;m th&#7901;i b&#7883; ki&#7873;m ch&#7871; trong th&#7901;i gian b&#7893; sung, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng x&#7843;y ra trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n (sau khi d&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng tpbs).</p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i <em><strong>n&#227;o b&#7897;</strong></em>, Creatine t&#7915; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m hay tpbs kh&#244;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7845;y &#273;&#7871;n Creatine trong n&#227;o b&#7897;; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#259;n chay c&#243; m&#7913;c Creatine n&#227;o gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; &#259;n th&#7883;t m&#7863;c d&#249; l&#432;&#7907;ng Creatine trong c&#417; b&#7855;p th&#7845;p h&#417;n r&#245; r&#7879;t. M&#7897;t c&#225;ch l&#237; gi&#7843;i h&#7907;p l&#253; l&#224;, vi&#7879;c cung c&#7845;p ATP cho n&#227;o b&#7897; quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i c&#417; b&#7855;p; c&#7913; th&#7917; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#227;o b&#7841;n b&#7883; s&#7853;p ngu&#7891;n, v&#224; vi&#7879;c th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#7903; Rep cu&#7889;i trong 1 Set t&#7853;p s&#7869; c&#243; v&#7867; l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;.</p></li></ul><p><em>Th&#7913; hai</em>, vi&#7879;c b&#7893; sung Creatine c&#243; l&#224;m t&#259;ng m&#7913;c Creatine trong n&#227;o b&#7897;, nh&#432;ng <em>kh&#244;ng nhi&#7873;u </em>b&#7857;ng so v&#7899;i c&#417; b&#7855;p (5-10% so v&#7899;i 20-40%), v&#224; v&#7899;i li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng r&#7845;t cao (20g/ng&#224;y, thay v&#236; 5g/ng&#224;y). M&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n kh&#225;c c&#243; tri&#7875;n v&#7885;ng l&#224; b&#7893; sung <em>guanidinoacetic acid</em> - m&#7897;t ti&#7873;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a Creatine, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#226;m nh&#7853;p n&#227;o b&#7897; t&#7889;t h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; r&#7845;t &#237;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t n&#224;y.</p><p>Do t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a Creatine v&#7899;i n&#227;o b&#7897;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ngh&#297; theo hai h&#432;&#7899;ng: vi&#7879;c b&#7893; sung r&#7845;t c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t, ho&#7863;c vi&#7879;c b&#7893; sung l&#224; v&#244; &#237;ch b&#7903;i n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#243; c&#225;c c&#417; ch&#7871; gi&#250;p duy tr&#236; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7913;c Creatine trong n&#227;o b&#7897;. Theo &#8220;<em>Roschel v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221;, b&#7893; sung Creatine s&#7869; c&#243; hi&#7879;u q&#7911;a cho n&#227;o b&#7897; trong c&#225;c t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng r&#7845;t <em>&#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t</em>, vd: b&#7879;nh <em>Alzheinmer</em>, suy gi&#7843;m tr&#237; tu&#7879; do l&#227;o h&#243;a, tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m, ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng s&#7885; n&#227;o, thi&#7871;u Oxy, thi&#7871;u ng&#7911;.</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, m&#7897;t li&#7873;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng (3-7g/ng&#224;y) c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; c&#243; hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng r&#7845;t nh&#7887; l&#234;n n&#227;o b&#7897;, v&#224; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7875; quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; r&#245; r&#7879;t. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, vi&#7879;c b&#7893; sung ch&#7881; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trong c&#225;c t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng r&#7845;t &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o b&#7897;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><h1>NH&#7918;NG C&#194;U H&#7886;I TH&#431;&#7900;NG G&#7862;P</h1><h2>C&#225;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine l&#224; g&#236;? (D&#7841;ng, l&#432;u tr&#7919;, pha ch&#7871;)</h2><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; h&#417;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m th&#7845;y trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843; b&#7903;i &#8220;<em>Jager v&#224; &#273;&#242;ng nghi&#7879;p</em>&#8221; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21424716/">8</a>], c&#242;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y s&#7869; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#253; ch&#237;nh.</p><p>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, <em><strong>Creatine monohydrate</strong> </em>v&#7851;n l&#224; d&#7841;ng <em>Creatine</em> l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng. N&#243; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u r&#7897;ng r&#227;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, c&#243; th&#7875; mua d&#7877; d&#224;ng, v&#224; (so v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7841;ng kh&#225;c) r&#7867; nh&#432; b&#232;o. C&#225;c d&#7841;ng kh&#225;c c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng ho&#7863;c t&#7879; h&#417;n d&#7841;ng <em>Monohydrate</em>, l&#7841;i c&#242;n &#273;&#7855;t &#273;&#7887; h&#417;n.</p><p>V&#7873; <strong>li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng</strong>, m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng 3-7g/ng&#224;y li&#234;n t&#7909;c v&#224; &#8220;l&#224;m &#273;&#7847;y&#8221; d&#7921; tr&#7919; Creatine trong C&#417; b&#7855;p trong &#237;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; 3-4 tu&#7847;n. Nh&#432; c&#243; nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n &#7903; tr&#234;n, &#8220;t&#259;ng n&#7841;p&#8221; (hay s&#7917; d&#7909;ng 20-25g/ng&#224;y trong 5-7 ng&#224;y) s&#7869; nhanh ch&#243;ng r&#250;t ng&#7855;n th&#7901;i gian khi&#7871;n C&#417; b&#7855;p b&#227;o h&#242;a Creatine, nh&#432;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t (c&#361;ng nh&#432; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng theo chu k&#7923; nh&#432; &#8216;<em>roid</em>&#8217;).</p><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7911;a <em>Creatine monohydrate </em>l&#224;, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng <strong>h&#242;a tan</strong> c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n. May m&#7855;n l&#224;, c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#225;ch m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng lu&#244;n. C&#225;ch <em>d&#7877; nh&#7845;t </em>l&#224; pha Creatine v&#7899;i n&#432;&#7899;c &#7845;m ho&#7863;c n&#243;ng. 1L n&#432;&#7899;c &#7903; 4 &#273;&#7897; C c&#243; th&#7875; h&#242;a tan 6g Creatine, nh&#432;ng &#7903; 20 &#273;&#7897; C c&#243; th&#7875; h&#242;a tan 14g, 34g &#7903; 50 &#273;&#7897; C v&#224; 45g &#7903; 50 &#273;&#7897; C. M&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng n&#243;ng th&#244;ng d&#7909;ng nh&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;a <em>caffeine</em>, nh&#432; c&#224; ph&#234; hay tr&#224;. Quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a Creatine v&#224; c&#224; ph&#234; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n sau, nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n c&#7913; y&#234;n t&#226;m l&#224; c&#225;ch n&#224;y c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26219105/">9</a>].</p><p>V&#7873; <strong>d&#7921; tr&#7919; v&#224; b&#7843;o qu&#7843;n</strong>, Creatine d&#7841;ng vi&#234;n u&#7889;ng v&#224; d&#7841;ng b&#7897;t r&#7845;t &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh <em>tr&#432;&#7899;c khi </em>pha ch&#7871;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7875; Creatine l&#226;u trong &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng sau khi pha, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t n&#7871;u &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng c&#243; t&#237;nh acid, b&#7903;i Creatine l&#250;c n&#224;y s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i th&#224;nh <em>Creatinine</em>. R&#7889;t c&#7909;c, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; nguy h&#7841;i c&#7843; - ch&#7881; h&#417;i l&#227;ng ph&#237; 1 ch&#250;t. Tuy nhi&#234;n, b&#7841;n v&#7851;n c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#225;ch d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh Creatine b&#7883; &#8216;th&#7845;t tho&#225;t&#8217;. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i lo g&#236; c&#7843; n&#7871;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong 1-2 ti&#7871;ng sau khi pha. C&#242;n n&#7871;u b&#7841;n pha t&#7915; ng&#224;y h&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c, b&#7841;n s&#7869; mu&#7889;n <em>tr&#225;nh </em>pha Creatine v&#7899;i &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng c&#243; t&#237;nh acid, v&#224; b&#7841;n n&#234;n &#273;&#7875; trong t&#7911; l&#7841;nh. Nh&#432; &#7903; H&#204;NH 1, d&#7921; tr&#7919; Creatine trong &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng c&#243; t&#237;nh acid (pH = 3.5) trong 2-3 ng&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n kho&#7843;ng 20% l&#432;&#7907;ng Creatine bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh Creatinine, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7899;n h&#417;n n&#7871;u &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng n&#224;y &#7845;m ho&#7863;c n&#243;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png" width="264" height="299.8695652173913" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:836,&quot;width&quot;:736,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:264,&quot;bytes&quot;:82288,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jN2I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff741b5a3-3ef3-4b2e-ae31-9171efab5fd6_736x836.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Vi&#7879;c Creatine bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh <em>Creatinine</em> kh&#244;ng nguy hi&#7875;m, n&#243; ch&#7881; <em>l&#227;ng ph&#237;</em> th&#244;i. V&#7853;y n&#234;n c&#225;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; u&#7889;ng Creatine ngay sau khi pha. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; u&#7889;ng ngay, h&#227;y pha n&#243; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng c&#243; pH trung t&#237;nh, &#273;&#7875; trong t&#7911; l&#7841;nh, v&#224; u&#7889;ng n&#243; s&#7899;m nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;.</p><h2>C&#259;n gi&#7901; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine c&#243; quan tr&#7885;ng?</h2><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i cho r&#7857;ng Creatine c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#225;t gi&#7901; t&#7853;p, v&#7899;i l&#237; do l&#224; c&#417; b&#7855;p s&#7869; d&#7877; h&#7845;p thu Creatine h&#417;n khi t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, v&#236; m&#225;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#417;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#417; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a b&#417;m Natri/Kali t&#259;ng cao do t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n. M&#7897;t l&#237; do kh&#225;c th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p l&#224;, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine c&#249;ng v&#7899;i Protein v&#224; Carb s&#7869; khi&#7871;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7845;p th&#7909; Creatine t&#7889;t h&#417;n, do v&#7853;y Creatine c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong b&#7919;a &#259;n tr&#432;&#7899;c ho&#7863;c sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; kh&#225; th&#250; v&#7883; - c&#243; kha kh&#225; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; n&#243;, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u m&#7899;i c&#244;ng b&#7889; n&#259;m ngo&#225;i [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35669557/">2</a>], nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i c&#243; kh&#225; &#237;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m <em>tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p</em> ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t n&#224;y. D&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng b&#7889;, vi&#7879;c c&#259;n gi&#7901; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35669557/">2</a>]. C&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; l&#7899;n h&#417;n (m&#7863;c d&#249; r&#7845;t nh&#7887;) cho ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#417; b&#7855;p [<a href="https://www.journalofexerciseandnutrition.com/index.php/JEN/article/view/33">10</a>] (H&#204;NH 2), nh&#432;ng <strong>nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine </strong><em><strong>kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i</strong></em><strong> l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png" width="1206" height="560" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:560,&quot;width&quot;:1206,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:177053,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OAD7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faea9cd94-67fb-47f1-8cdd-fc0c25d0a1bb_1206x560.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><em><strong>Vi&#7879;c b&#7893; sung Creatine l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch l&#224;m &#273;&#7847;y d&#7921; tr&#7919; Creatine trong c&#417; b&#7855;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, v&#224; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7841;o &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y bao g&#7891;m: 1) m&#7913;c Creatine c&#417; s&#7903; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, 2) ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n, 3) li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y. N&#7871;u nh&#432; b&#7841;n &#273;ang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#237;t nh&#7845;t 3-5g/ng&#224;y, th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7917; d&#7909;ng g&#7847;n nh&#432; v&#244; ngh&#297;a.</strong></em></p></blockquote><h2>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine c&#243; l&#224;m t&#259;ng t&#237;ch n&#432;&#7899;c?</h2><p>Creatine c&#243; t&#237;nh h&#225;o n&#432;&#7899;c, hay l&#224;m t&#259;ng d&#7921; tr&#7919; Creatine c&#361;ng l&#224;m t&#259;ng d&#7921; tr&#7919; n&#432;&#7899;c trong c&#417; th&#7875;. M&#7897;t hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n v&#7873; Creatine l&#224; n&#243; g&#226;y <em>m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c</em>. C&#243; v&#7867; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; quan &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y cho r&#7857;ng, l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c trong c&#417; th&#7875; l&#224; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh, v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8216;r&#250;t&#8217; t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i kh&#225;c trong c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; chuy&#7875;n v&#224;o c&#417; b&#7855;p. May m&#7855;n l&#224;, &#273;&#243; <em>kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i</em> l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u x&#7843;y ra th&#7921;c t&#7871;.</p><p>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#8220;t&#259;ng n&#7841;p&#8221; <em>Creatine</em> th&#432;&#7901;ng ghi nh&#7853;n c&#226;n n&#7863;ng t&#259;ng l&#234;n kho&#7843;ng 1-2kg, v&#224; t&#7893;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c trong c&#417; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&#234;n ~ 1.3 - 2.3L [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410328/">11</a>]. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, Creatine khi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c trong c&#417; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&#234;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;m &#273;i. Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, m&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; ghi nh&#7853;n l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#224;o th&#7843;i qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ti&#7875;u gi&#7843;m xu&#7889;ng khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8828669/">12</a>], c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; g&#226;y t&#259;ng t&#237;ch n&#432;&#7899;c n&#7871;u nh&#432; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng u&#7889;ng n&#432;&#7899;c kh&#244;n &#273;&#7911; nhi&#7873;u. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, Creatine &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c (nh&#7887;) l&#234;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a th&#226;n nhi&#7879;t c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; khi t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n trong th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t n&#243;ng [<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1559827611406071">15</a>]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y cho th&#7845;y, l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c t&#259;ng th&#234;m do b&#7893; sung Creatine kh&#244;ng b&#7883; &#8220;gi&#7919;&#8221; trong c&#417; b&#7855;p, m&#224; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a th&#226;n nhi&#7879;t khi dung t&#237;ch huy&#7871;t t&#432;&#417;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u gi&#7843;m do to&#225;t m&#7891; h&#244;i. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, b&#7893; sung Creatine s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n <em>tr&#225;nh b&#7883; m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c</em>.</p><p>Do hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; t&#259;ng tr&#7919; n&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7893; sung Creatine, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i lo r&#7857;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine s&#7869; khi&#7871;n h&#7885; b&#7883; &#8220;ph&#7891;ng&#8221;, khi&#7871;n h&#236;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a h&#7885; x&#7845;u &#273;i. M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i trong gi&#7899;i <em>fitness </em>t&#236;m c&#225;ch xoa d&#7883;u lo ng&#7841;i n&#224;y b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t r&#7857;ng Creatine &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; tr&#7919; trong t&#7871; b&#224;o, v&#236; v&#7853;y ch&#7881; l&#224;m t&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c trong t&#7871; b&#224;o (<em>intracellular fluid</em>), khi&#7871;n c&#417; b&#7855;p to h&#417;n v&#224; h&#236;nh th&#7875; tr&#7903; n&#234;n &#8220;kh&#244;&#8221; h&#417;n. Trong khi &#273;&#243; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ph&#7887;ng &#273;o&#225;n nghe c&#243; l&#253;, c&#225;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; l&#7841;i kh&#225; <em>m&#226;u thu&#7851;n</em> nhau.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ghi nh&#7853;n Creatine l&#224;m t&#259;ng <em>t&#7893;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c</em> trong c&#417; th&#7875; m&#224; kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; &#8220;t&#7881; l&#7879; n&#432;&#7899;c n&#7897;i b&#224;o : ngo&#7841;i b&#224;o&#8221; [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937471/">13</a>]. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y h&#417;n cho th&#7845;y hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#259;ng n&#432;&#7899;c n&#7897;i b&#224;o l&#7899;n h&#417;n l&#224; ngo&#7841;i b&#224;o, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n ghi nh&#7853;n l&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c n&#7897;i b&#224;o duy tr&#236; &#7903; m&#7913;c 60 &#8211; 62% t&#7893;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c trong c&#417; th&#7875; (tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; sau khi b&#7893; sung Creatine) [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32916658/">14</a>]. &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a Creatine l&#234;n &#8220;t&#7881; l&#7879; n&#432;&#7899;c n&#7897;i b&#224;o : ngo&#7841;i b&#224;o&#8221; v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tranh c&#227;i s&#244;i n&#7893;i, nh&#432;ng r&#7889;t c&#7909;c n&#243; <em>kh&#244;ng quan tr&#7885;ng</em>. M&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng cho r&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c n&#7897;i b&#224;o (trong t&#7871; b&#224;o) khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n tr&#244;ng c&#417; b&#7855;p h&#417;n, c&#242;n n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#7841;i b&#224;o khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n &#8220;ph&#7891;ng&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;m&#7873;m&#8221; h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch nh&#236;n t&#7889;i gi&#7843;n. <strong>Trong b&#7909;ng C&#417; c&#243; c&#7843; n&#432;&#7899;c </strong><em><strong>n&#7897;i b&#224;o</strong></em><strong> l&#7851;n </strong><em><strong>ngo&#7841;i b&#224;o</strong></em><strong>, v&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c khi&#7871;n c&#417; b&#7855;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n to h&#417;n l&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#7841;i b&#224;o (</strong><em><strong>extracellular fluid</strong></em><strong>).</strong></p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7847;n r&#250;t ra l&#224;, Creatine c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng g&#226;y t&#237;ch n&#432;&#7899;c trong ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n (nh&#7845;t l&#224; khi &#8216;t&#259;ng n&#7841;p&#8217;), nh&#432;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; g&#226;y t&#237;ch n&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y s&#7869; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng trung t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n t&#237;ch c&#7921;c cho h&#236;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n trong trung h&#7841;n, trong khi hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#259;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n c&#7911;a Creatine ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; c&#243; l&#7907;i cho h&#236;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n (mi&#7877;n l&#224; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#7889;t v&#7899;i Creatine). B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, Creatine c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;em l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch nh&#7887; cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p d&#7877; m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c do &#273;&#7893; m&#7891; h&#244;i nhi&#7873;u, b&#7903;i t&#237;nh h&#225;o n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a n&#243;. D&#296; nhi&#234;n, b&#7841;n n&#234;n &#432;u ti&#234;n u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7911; n&#432;&#7899;c, d&#249; c&#243; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine hay kh&#244;ng.</strong></em></p></blockquote><h2>Creatine c&#243; g&#226;y r&#7909;ng t&#243;c?</h2><p>C&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y nghe c&#243; v&#7867; ng&#7851;u h&#7913;ng, nh&#432;ng n&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; v&#244; c&#259;n c&#7913; tr&#234;n l&#253; thuy&#7871;t. <em>Enzyme 5-Alpha-reductase </em>chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a <em>Testosterone</em> th&#224;nh <em>dihydrotestosterone </em>(DHT), m&#7897;t h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i r&#7909;ng t&#243;c &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i. &#7902; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a d&#7877; b&#7883; &#8220;tr&#7885;c&#8221;, DHT l&#224;m thu nh&#7887; l&#7895; ch&#226;n l&#244;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#7847;u, x&#250;c ti&#7871;n qu&#225; tr&#236;nh r&#7909;ng t&#243;c theo th&#7901;i gian. D&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a DHT v&#224; r&#7909;ng t&#243;c, c&#225;c h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t &#7913;c ch&#7871; DHT nh&#432; <em>finasteride</em> &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; li&#7879;u ph&#225;p ch&#7889;ng r&#7909;ng t&#243;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.</p><p>D&#249; v&#7853;y, <strong>c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a b&#7849;m sinh</strong> v&#7873; r&#7909;ng t&#243;c l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t. M&#7913;c DHT cao s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i (nam gi&#7899;i) kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a r&#7909;ng t&#243;c, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; r&#7909;ng t&#243;c &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; m&#7913;c DHT r&#7845;t b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng (nh&#432;ng th&#7909; th&#7875; DHT l&#7841;i r&#7845;t nh&#7841;y). V&#7853;y, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n Creatine?</p><p>V&#224;o n&#259;m 2009, m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#244;ng b&#7889; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n r&#7857;ng, b&#7893; sung Creatine l&#224; t&#259;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; DHT (<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19741313/">16</a>) &#7903; c&#225;c V&#272;V m&#244;n b&#243;ng Rugby sau 21 ng&#224;y (v&#7899;i 7 ng&#224;y &#8216;t&#259;ng n&#7841;p&#8217; 25g/ng&#224;y v&#224; 14 ng&#224;y duy tr&#236; v&#7899;i 5g/ng&#224;y). Nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; DHT &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;n th&#7883; &#7903; H&#204;NH 2.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png" width="424" height="333.7110694183865" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:839,&quot;width&quot;:1066,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:424,&quot;bytes&quot;:106504,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1KsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d2245fa-facd-4c2e-8175-bc8a7c160d01_1066x839.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#243; ghi nh&#7853;n s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t trong thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; m&#7913;c DHT theo th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7841;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; v&#7873; th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#7903; nh&#243;m s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine (so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng). Tuy nhi&#234;n, theo <em>Trexler</em> [19], xu h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#7903; H&#204;NH 2 c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng. &#272;&#250;ng l&#224; DHT t&#259;ng l&#234;n so v&#7899;i m&#7913;c c&#417; s&#7903; khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine, v&#224; gi&#7843;m xu&#7889;ng khi d&#249;ng Gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c, nh&#432;ng thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#7911;a th&#237; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n c&#361;ng c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh: &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m d&#7841;ng &#8216;b&#7855;t ch&#233;o&#8217; (<em>crossover</em>) trong &#273;&#243; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia s&#7869; l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7843;i qua hai bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p (Gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; Creatine). Tr&#234;n l&#253; thuy&#7871;t, gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#417; s&#7903; &#7903; c&#7843; hai &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n s&#7869; kh&#225; gi&#7889;ng nhau; tuy nhi&#234;n trong th&#237; nghi&#7879;m n&#224;y, gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#417; s&#7903; c&#7911;a hai &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i l&#7899;n, nhi&#7873;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224; do bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7913;c DHT theo ng&#224;y. Hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y, khi xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong m&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m d&#7841;ng &#8216;b&#7855;t ch&#233;o&#8217;, c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; ra kh&#7843; n&#259;ng r&#7857;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng theo ng&#224;y, v&#224; r&#7857;ng th&#237; nghi&#7879;m n&#224;y c&#243; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t k&#233;m.</p><p>Trong th&#237; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n, kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; m&#7913;c DHT c&#417; s&#7903; c&#7911;a hai &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n l&#224; 0.28nmol/L. M&#7913;c n&#224;y l&#224; nh&#7887; hay l&#7899;n? R&#7889;t c&#7909;c, theo b&#7845;t k&#7875; h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#224;o, n&#243; c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n l&#224; n&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ngh&#297; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a m&#7913;c c&#417; s&#7903; tr&#234;n l&#224; nh&#7887;, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng s&#7869; ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t trong k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; (0.32nmol/L), khi m&#224; m&#7913;c DHT sau khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Creatine c&#243; l&#7899;n h&#417;n khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c, nh&#432;ng r&#7845;t nh&#7887;. M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, n&#7871;u nh&#432; cho r&#7857;ng kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; gi&#7919;a hai &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n l&#224; &#8216;r&#245; r&#7879;t&#8217;, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng kh&#243; l&#242;ng b&#7887; qua vi&#7879;c m&#7913;c ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng c&#361;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tr&#432;&#7899;c th&#237; nghi&#7879;m (m&#7913;c c&#417; s&#7903;), v&#224; kh&#244;ng tr&#225;nh kh&#7887;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng &#8216;<em>&#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a Creatine b&#7857;ng kh&#244;ng, v&#224; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m so&#225;t ch&#7863;t ch&#7869;</em>&#8217;. Th&#234;m v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, m&#7913;c ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch tr&#234;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; qu&#225; gh&#234; g&#7899;m, khi m&#224; DHT &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i d&#432;&#7899;i 65 tu&#7893;i th&#432;&#7901;ng dao &#273;&#7897;ng trong kho&#7843;ng 0.8 &#8211; 3.5nmol/L [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26385186/">17</a>].</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>T&#7893;ng k&#7871;t l&#7841;i, hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i m&#7899;i ch&#7881; c&#243; duy nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ghi nh&#7853;n hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#259;ng DHT do Creatine, nh&#432;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c, v&#224; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7909;ng t&#243;c th&#7921;c t&#7871;. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c cho th&#7845;y, Creatine c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#225; m&#7901; nh&#7841;t l&#234;n c&#225;c hormone nam kh&#225;c nh&#432; Testosterone [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33557850/">18</a>]. Cho n&#234;n, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi c&#243; th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#225;c thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c h&#417;n, ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#237; do g&#236; &#273;&#7875; tin r&#7857;ng Creatine s&#7869; &#273;&#7849;y nhanh qu&#225; tr&#236;nh r&#7909;ng t&#243;c, n&#7871;u c&#243;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3>T&#431; LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O</h3><ol><li><p>Forbes et al (2022). Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Properties of Muscle, Bone, and Brain Function in Older Adults: A Narrative Review <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502271/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Candow et al (2022). Creatine O&#8217;Clock: Does Timing of Ingestion Really Influence Muscle Mass and Performance? <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35669557/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Forbes et al (2021). Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34199420/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Branch (2003). Effect Of Creatine Supplementation On Body Composition And Performance: A Meta-Analysis <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12945830/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Candow et al (2019). Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation on Aging Muscle and Bone: Focus on Falls Prevention and Inflammation <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30978926/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Kohrt et al (2004). American College Of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Physical Activity And Bone Health <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514517/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Roschel et al (2021). Creatine Supplementation And Brain Health <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33578876/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>J&#228;ger et al (2011). Analysis Of The Efficacy, Safety, And Regulatory Status Of Novel Forms Of Creatine <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21424716/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Trexler &amp; Smith-Ryan (2015). Creatine and Caffeine: Considerations for Concurrent Supplementation <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26219105/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Forbes &amp; Candow (2018). Timing of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training: A Brief Review <a href="https://www.journalofexerciseandnutrition.com/index.php/JEN/article/view/33">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Bone et al (2017). Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410328/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Hultman et al (1996). Muscle Creatine Loading In Men <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8828669/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Powers et al (2003). Creatine Supplementation Increases Total Body Water Without Altering Fluid Distribution <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937471/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Ribeiro et al (2020). Creatine Supplementation Does Not Influence the Ratio Between Intracellular Water and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Resistance-Trained Men <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32916658/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Sobolewski et al (2011). The Physiological Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Hydration: A Review <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1559827611406071">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>van der Merwe et al (2009). Three Weeks Of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation Affects Dihydrotestosterone To Testosterone Ratio In College-Aged Rugby Players <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19741313/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Handelsman et al (2015). Age-Specific Population Centiles For Androgen Status In Men <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26385186/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Antonio et al (2021). Common Questions And Misconceptions About Creatine Supplementation: What Does The Scientific Evidence Really Show? <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33557850/">(Link)</a>.</p></li><li><p>Trexler (2022). Creatine: Frequently Asked Questions and Lesser-Known Effects. Monthly Application in Strength Sports (MASS), Volume 6 Issue 8.</p></li></ol><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[CƠ BẮP PHÁT TRIỂN NHƯ THẾ NÀO? TỔNG QUAN CHI TIẾT]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tr&#237;ch t&#7915; T&#7853;p san T3 Digest s&#7889; th&#225;ng 11/2022]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/co-bap-phat-trien-nhu-the-nao-tong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/co-bap-phat-trien-nhu-the-nao-tong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 21 Jan 2024 04:25:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>1. GI&#416;&#769;I THI&#7864;&#770;U CHUNG</strong></p><p>S&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (<em>Muscle Hypertrophy</em>) la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t qua&#769; tri&#768;nh ph&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;p ma&#768; cho &#273;&#234;&#769;n t&#7841;&#770;n ba&#770;y gi&#417;&#768; v&#226;&#771;n la&#768;m b&#244;&#769;i r&#244;&#769;i ca&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#417;&#777; top &#273;&#226;&#768;u trong nga&#768;nh Fitness. Ho&#795;n 10 na&#774;m tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c, Ti&#234;&#769;n si&#771; &#8220;<em>Brad Schoenfeld</em>&#8221; - m&#7885;&#770;t chuye&#770;n gia n&#244;&#777;i ti&#234;&#769;ng trong li&#771;nh v&#432;&#803;c na&#768;y - &#273;a&#771; &#273;&#234;&#768; xu&#226;&#769;t ly&#769; thuy&#234;&#769;t v&#234;&#768; 3 co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n, bao g&#244;&#768;m:</p><ul><li><p><em><strong>Mechanical Tension</strong> </em>(A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c co&#795; ho&#803;c)</p></li><li><p><em><strong>Muscle Damage</strong> </em>(S&#432;&#803; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng &#417;&#777; co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p), va&#768; </p></li><li><p><em><strong>Metabolic Stress</strong> </em>(A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a)</p></li></ul><p>Cho &#273;&#234;&#769;n na&#768;y, <em>Mechanical Tension </em>v&#226;&#771;n la&#768; co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u b&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng u&#777;ng h&#7885;&#770; nh&#226;&#769;t. Tuy nhie&#770;n, vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a <em>Muscle Damage </em>va&#768; <em>Metabolic Stress </em>v&#226;&#771;n chu&#795;a th&#7841;&#770;t s&#432;&#803; ro&#771; ra&#768;ng va&#768; la&#768; &#273;&#234;&#768; ta&#768;i tranh lu&#7841;&#770;n gi&#432;&#771;a r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u kha&#769;c nhau. Trong ba&#768;i vi&#234;&#769;t na&#768;y [74], chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n v&#234;&#768; ca&#769;c co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ne&#770;u &#417;&#777; tre&#770;n tho&#770;ng qua m&#7885;&#770;t nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c nhi&#234;&#768;u ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i tri&#769;ch d&#226;&#771;n nh&#226;&#769;t v&#234;&#768; hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng &#8220;phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p&#8221; (<em>Muscle Hypertrophy</em>) cu&#777;a ti&#234;&#769;n si&#771; <em>Brad Schoenfeld </em>[1].</p><p><strong>2. T&#212;&#777;NG QUAN V&#202;&#768; phi&#768; &#272;A&#803;I CO&#795; B&#258;&#769;P</strong></p><p>H&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t mo&#803;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i khi m&#417;&#769;i b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u tham gia t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n se&#771; pha&#777;i &#273;&#244;&#769;i m&#7841;&#774;t v&#417;&#769;i tha&#769;ch th&#432;&#769;c trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh gia&#777;m be&#769;o, tuy nhie&#770;n gia&#777;m m&#417;&#771; la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t qua&#769; tri&#768;nh tu&#795;o&#795;ng &#273;&#244;&#769;i nhanh n&#234;&#769;u so sa&#769;nh v&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. &#272;&#234;&#777; xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c m&#7885;&#770;t kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co&#769; hi&#768;nh kh&#244;&#769;i ro&#771; ra&#768;ng &#273;o&#768;i ho&#777;i s&#432;&#803; t&#7841;&#770;n ta&#770;m va&#768; kie&#770;n tri&#768;, va&#768; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng khi&#234;&#769;n nhi&#234;&#768;u ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i bo&#777; cu&#7885;&#770;c. Do &#273;o&#769;, vi&#7865;&#770;c hi&#234;&#777;u ro&#771; ba&#777;n ch&#226;&#769;t va&#768; ca&#769;c khuy&#234;&#769;n nghi&#803; v&#234;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, se&#771; la&#768; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u vo&#770; cu&#768;ng c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#777; chu&#769;ng ta b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u qua&#769; tri&#768;nh na&#768;y.</p><p>S&#432;&#803; &#8216;phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i&#8217; hay pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (<em>Muscle Hypertrophy</em>) &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#803;nh nghi&#771;a b&#417;&#777;i &#8220;<em>Vierck va&#768; c&#7885;&#770;ng s&#432;&#803;</em>&#8221; va&#768;o na&#774;m 2000 [1] la&#768; s&#432;&#803; ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c cu&#777;a ca&#769;c "s&#417;&#803;i Protein co ru&#769;t" (<em>Contractile Protein</em>) va&#768; s&#432;&#803; m&#417;&#777; r&#7885;&#770;ng ch&#226;&#769;t n&#234;&#768;n ngoa&#803;i ba&#768;o (<em>Extracellular Matrix</em>) cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. K&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#768; th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m &#273;o&#769;, &#8220;<em>Muscle Hypertrophy</em>&#8221; &#273;a&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#803;nh nghi&#771;a cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; ho&#795;n la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p va&#768; gia ta&#774;ng ha&#768;m lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng khoa&#769;ng ch&#226;&#769;t, Protein, <em>Glycogen </em>va&#768; ch&#226;&#769;t be&#769;o trong co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [2]. Mo&#803;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng co&#769; s&#432;&#803; nh&#226;&#768;m l&#226;&#771;n gi&#432;&#771;a 2 kha&#769;i ni&#7865;&#770;m &#8220;<em><strong>Hypertrophy</strong></em>&#8221; (phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;) va&#768; &#8220;<em><strong>Hyperplasia</strong></em>&#8221; (S&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng s&#244;&#769; lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;). <em>Hyperplasia </em>thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c bi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#769;n chi&#777; xa&#777;y ra &#417;&#777; ca&#769;c thi&#769; nghi&#7865;&#770;m tre&#770;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng v&#7841;&#770;t, va&#768; chu&#795;a co&#769; b&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng xu&#226;&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i, &#273;a&#770;y cu&#771;ng la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t &#273;&#234;&#768; ta&#768;i co&#769; r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u cu&#7885;&#770;c tranh lu&#7841;&#770;n xung quanh [9].</p><p><strong>3. GIA&#777;I PH&#194;&#771;U CO&#795; B&#258;&#769;P CO&#795; BA&#777;N</strong></p><p>Tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c khi &#273;i va&#768;o ti&#768;m hi&#234;&#777;u ca&#769;c co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n, ch&#259;&#769;c ch&#259;&#769;n chu&#769;ng ta ne&#770;n n&#259;&#769;m &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c c&#226;&#769;u ta&#803;o cu&#777;a mo&#770; co&#795;. &#272;&#234;&#777; gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;ch d&#234;&#771; hi&#234;&#777;u, ba&#803;n ne&#770;n hi&#768;nh dung co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u l&#417;&#769;p gi&#244;&#769;ng nhu&#795; mo&#769;n &#273;&#244;&#768; cho&#795;i "<em>matryoshka" </em>(hay Bu&#769;p be&#770; Nga). Mo&#769;n &#273;&#244;&#768; cho&#795;i na&#768;y m&#244;&#771;i khi m&#417;&#777; ra se&#771; la&#803;i xu&#226;&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n m&#7885;&#770;t con bu&#769;p be&#770; kha&#769;c y h&#7865;&#770;t nhu&#795;ng v&#417;&#769;i ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c nho&#777; ho&#795;n. Co&#769; th&#234;&#777; s&#432;&#803; so sa&#769;nh na&#768;y kho&#770;ng hoa&#768;n toa&#768;n h&#417;&#803;p ly&#769; v&#417;&#769;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, nhu&#795;ng no&#769; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n hi&#768;nh dung ra co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p se&#771; co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u l&#417;&#769;p khi &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c pha&#770;n ta&#769;ch ra. Khi pha&#770;n ta&#769;ch ra &#273;&#234;&#769;n tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n nho&#777; nh&#226;&#769;t, ba&#803;n co&#769; se&#771; ti&#768;m th&#226;&#769;y m&#7885;&#770;t &#273;oa&#803;n Protein &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; &#8220;<em>Sarcomere</em>&#8221;. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png" width="439" height="310.9583333333333" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fu8x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa925b1dc-4340-4f71-87b9-e5a4da25e271_1008x714.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ca&#769;c &#273;oa&#803;n <em>Sarcomere </em>&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c c&#226;&#769;u ta&#803;o le&#770;n h&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t t&#432;&#768; ca&#769;c s&#7907;i Protein (S&#417;&#803;i <em>Actin</em>, <em>Myosin</em>) co&#769; kha&#777; na&#774;ng co ru&#769;t. N&#234;&#769;u nhi&#768;n s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; du&#795;&#417;&#769;i ki&#769;nh hi&#234;&#777;n vi, ba&#803;n se&#771; th&#226;&#769;y ca&#769;c so&#803;c ca&#769;ch &#273;&#234;&#768;u nhau tre&#770;n b&#234;&#768; m&#7841;&#774;t, ca&#769;c so&#803;c na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ta&#803;o ra chi&#769;nh b&#417;&#777;i ca&#769;c &#273;oa&#803;n <em>Sarcomere</em>. R&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u &#273;oa&#803;n <em>Sarcomere </em>h&#417;&#803;p la&#803;i, x&#234;&#769;p n&#244;&#769;i ti&#234;&#769;p nhau &#273;&#234;&#777; ta&#803;o ra s&#417;&#803;i "to&#795; co&#795;" (<em>Myofibrils</em>). R&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i to&#795; co&#795; <em>Myofibrils </em>h&#417;&#803;p tha&#768;nh s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. Mo&#770; hi&#768;nh na&#768;y c&#432;&#769; th&#234;&#769; ti&#234;&#769;p di&#234;&#771;n, r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; se&#771; t&#7841;&#770;p h&#417;&#803;p tha&#768;nh "bo&#769; co&#795;" (<em>Fascicle</em>), va&#768; nhi&#234;&#768;u ca&#769;c bo&#769; co&#795; se&#771; t&#7841;&#770;p h&#417;&#803;p tha&#768;nh co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Ca&#769;c mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t (Ma&#768;ng Fascia) bao bo&#803;c l&#226;&#769;y, pha&#770;n ta&#769;ch t&#432;&#768;ng s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, bo&#769; co&#795;, co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (HI&#768;NH 1).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png" width="1020" height="1032" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1032,&quot;width&quot;:1020,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:414549,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ljw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31800a32-29b4-4b6a-b357-ec29ff39fc03_1020x1032.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>T&#432;&#768; &#273;a&#770;y, ta b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u nhi&#768;n va&#768;o tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n cu&#777;a t&#432;&#768;ng s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; (Hay co&#768;n go&#803;i la&#768; t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;) (HI&#768;NH 2). </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png" width="1074" height="1018" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1018,&quot;width&quot;:1074,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:720299,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iUUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9e525c4-7232-491b-b343-b735c34ccc99_1074x1018.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>T&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; ca&#769;c tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n &#417;&#777; phi&#769;a tre&#770;n trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; &#8220;<em>Intracellular</em>&#8221; hay &#8220;N&#7885;&#770;i ba&#768;o&#8221;; t&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n phi&#769;a be&#770;n ngoa&#768;i l&#417;&#769;p ma&#768;ng cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; (<em>Sarcolemma</em>) &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; &#8220;<em>Extracellular</em>&#8221; hay &#8220;Ngoa&#803;i ba&#768;o&#8221; [2]. Ca&#769;c tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n &#417;&#777; N&#7885;&#770;i ba&#768;o s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; bao g&#244;&#768;m: S&#417;&#803;i to&#795; co&#795; (<em>Myofibrils</em>), Ti th&#234;&#777; (<em>Mitochondria</em>), Lu&#795;&#417;&#769;i n&#7885;&#770;i ch&#226;&#769;t (<em>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum</em>), Nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (<em>Myonuclei</em>) va&#768; ca&#769;c ch&#226;&#769;t n&#234;&#768;n (<em>Glycogen </em>va&#768; Ch&#226;&#769;t be&#769;o) tro&#770;i n&#244;&#777;i trong ch&#226;&#769;t lo&#777;ng bao bo&#803;c mo&#803;i th&#432;&#769; - co&#768;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; T&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t (<em>Sarcoplasm</em>).S&#417;&#803;i to&#795; co&#795; (<em>Myofibrils</em>) ch&#432;&#769;a t&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; ca&#769;c Protein giu&#769;p ta&#803;o ne&#770;n c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c va&#768; ch&#432;&#769;c na&#774;ng cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, ph&#226;&#768;n na&#768;y co&#768;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i ph&#226;&#768;n &#8220;<em>Myofibrils</em>&#8221;, ph&#226;&#768;n na&#768;y chi&#234;&#769;m ph&#226;&#768;n l&#417;&#769;n kho&#770;ng gian trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; [3]. </p><p>T&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; ca&#769;c tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n co&#768;n la&#803;i &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c coi la&#768; thu&#7885;&#770;c v&#234;&#768; ph&#226;&#768;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t (<em>Sarcoplasmic</em>), bao g&#244;&#768;m: Ti th&#234;&#777; (<em>Mitochondria</em>), Lu&#795;&#417;&#769;i n&#7885;&#770;i ch&#226;&#769;t (<em>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum</em>), Nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (<em>Nuclei</em>), T&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t (<em>Sarcoplasm</em>) va&#768; th&#7841;&#770;m chi&#769; ca&#777; Ch&#226;&#769;t be&#769;o va&#768; <em>Glycogen </em>&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ti&#769;ch tr&#432;&#771; trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. [3].</p><p>M&#7885;&#770;t &#273;&#7841;&#774;c &#273;i&#234;&#777;m &#273;&#7841;&#774;c tru&#795;ng kha&#769;c cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; la&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c no&#769; co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (&#272;a nha&#770;n), vi&#768; t&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o kha&#769;c tre&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; &#273;&#234;&#768;u chi&#777; co&#769; 1 nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o. Chi&#769;nh t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh (<em>Satellite Cells</em>) go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n ta&#803;o ne&#770;n &#273;&#7841;&#774;c &#273;i&#234;&#777;m &#273;&#7841;&#774;c tru&#795;ng na&#768;y cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch hi&#234;&#769;n t&#7841;&#774;ng ca&#769;c nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o cu&#777;a no&#769;.</p><p><strong>T&#234;&#769; Ba&#768;o V&#7865;&#770; Tinh</strong></p><p>Ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh (<em>Satellite Cells</em>) la&#768; ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o g&#244;&#769;c cu&#777;a mo&#770; co&#795;, n&#259;&#768;m trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; (Hay s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;) va&#768; co&#769; kha&#777; na&#774;ng t&#432;&#803; &#273;&#244;&#777;i m&#417;&#769;i. Nh&#432;&#771;ng t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; &#273;&#7841;&#774;c bi&#7865;&#770;t na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho r&#259;&#768;ng go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n va&#768;o s&#432;&#803; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n (<em>Hypertrophy</em>) cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, b&#417;&#777;i vi&#768; chu&#769;ng thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng kho&#770;ng hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cho &#273;&#234;&#769;n nh&#7841;&#770;n &#273;u&#777; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; ho&#803;c (<em>Mechanical Stimulus</em>). Sau khi &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t, ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh nha&#770;n le&#770;n va&#768; h&#417;&#803;p nh&#226;&#769;t v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; &#273;&#234;&#777; s&#432;&#777;a ch&#432;&#771;a, duy tri&#768; va&#768; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n mo&#770; co&#795; [5]. L&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch chi&#769;nh cho <em>Hypertrophy </em>cu&#777;a ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; do kha&#777; na&#774;ng hi&#234;&#769;n nha&#770;n cho ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, &#273;&#234;&#777; ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ta&#774;ng kha&#777; na&#774;ng t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i protein co&#769; kha&#777; na&#774;ng co ru&#769;t cu&#777;a no&#769; (<em>Contractile Protein</em>, hay chi&#769;nh la&#768; ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i <em>Actin</em>, <em>Myosin</em>) [6].</p><p>&#272;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y phu&#768; h&#417;&#803;p v&#417;&#769;i &#8220;Ly&#769; thuy&#234;&#769;t v&#234;&#768; pha&#803;m vi hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a Nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p&#8221; (<em>Myonuclear Domain Theory </em>- &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n trong ba&#768;i v&#234;&#768; quay tr&#417;&#777; la&#803;i t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n cu&#777;a T&#7841;&#770;p San Tha&#769;ng 10/2022). Ly&#769; thuy&#234;&#769;t na&#768;y cho r&#259;&#768;ng, pha&#777;i co&#769; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng v&#234;&#768; s&#244;&#769; lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (<em>Myonuclei</em>) &#273;&#234;&#777; h&#244;&#771; tr&#417;&#803; s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n cu&#777;a ca&#769;c protein c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; [7]. Ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i ta cu&#771;ng cho r&#259;&#768;ng <em>"phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p</em>" co&#769; th&#234;&#777; xa&#777;y ra v&#417;&#769;i s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng <em>Myonuclei </em>va&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c cu&#777;a ca&#769;c ha&#803;t nha&#770;n hi&#7865;&#770;n co&#769; [5]. Ba loa&#803;i phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p chi&#769;nh &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh trong ta&#768;i li&#7865;&#770;u na&#768;y la&#768; da&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i mo&#770; <strong>To&#795; co&#795; </strong>(<em>Myofibrillar</em>), <strong>T&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t </strong>(<em>Sarcoplasmic), </em>va&#768; <strong>Mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t </strong>(<em>Connective Tissue</em>) [2].</p><p><strong>4. CA&#769;C DA&#803;NG PHI&#768; &#272;A&#803;I CO&#795; B&#258;&#769;P<br>Phi&#768; &#272;a&#803;i To&#795; Co&#795; (</strong><em><strong>Myofibrillar Hypertrophy</strong></em><strong>)</strong></p><p>Nhu&#795; te&#770;n cu&#777;a no&#769;, 'phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i to&#795; co&#795;' (<em>Myofibrillar Hypertrophy</em>) la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c ho&#7841;&#774;c s&#244;&#769; lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng s&#417;&#803;i to&#795; co&#795; (<em>Myofibrils) </em>[2]. &#272;a&#770;y th&#432;&#803;c ch&#226;&#769;t la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ca&#769;c mo&#770; Protein ho&#7841;&#774;c s&#417;&#803;i Protein co ru&#769;t trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;. <em>Myosin </em>va&#768; <em>Actin </em>la&#768; hai Protein chi&#769;nh ta&#803;o tha&#768;nh ca&#769;c <em>Sarcomeres </em>(nhu&#795; &#273;a&#771; &#273;&#234;&#768; c&#7841;&#770;p &#417;&#777; tre&#770;n) va&#768; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n ta&#803;o ra ch&#432;&#769;c na&#774;ng co ru&#769;t cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Vi&#7865;&#770;c b&#244;&#777; sung ca&#769;c Protein na&#768;y d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng <em>Sarcomeres</em>, t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; la&#768;m ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c cu&#777;a ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i 'to&#795; co&#795;' va&#768; cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng di&#7865;&#770;n ti&#769;ch m&#7841;&#774;t c&#259;&#769;t co&#795; (<em>Cross Sectional Area </em>hay CSA) [5].</p><p><em>Sarcomeres </em>co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ta&#774;ng the&#770;m theo da&#803;ng "n&#244;&#769;i ti&#234;&#769;p hai &#273;&#226;&#768;u" (<em>In Series</em>) ho&#7841;&#774;c "x&#234;&#769;p ch&#244;&#768;ng le&#770;n nhau" (ho&#7841;&#774;c Song song - <em>Parallel</em>) [8]. Ph&#226;&#768;n l&#417;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i 'to&#795; co&#795;' xa&#777;y ra la&#768; k&#234;&#769;t qua&#777; cu&#777;a phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i da&#803;ng "song song" [8]. Ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; coi Sarcomere nhu&#795; m&#7885;&#770;t &#244;&#769;ng hu&#769;t. C&#226;&#768;m l&#226;&#769;y m&#7885;&#770;t n&#259;&#769;m &#244;&#769;ng hu&#769;t se&#771; gi&#244;&#769;ng nhu&#795; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i "song song". Ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; nghi&#771; v&#234;&#768; mo&#770; hi&#768;nh Phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i da&#803;ng "n&#244;&#769;i ti&#234;&#769;p" nhu&#795; vi&#7865;&#770;c n&#244;&#769;i ca&#769;c &#244;&#769;ng hu&#769;t va&#768;o nhau.</p><p><strong>Phi&#768; &#272;a&#803;i T&#234;&#769; Ba&#768;o Ch&#226;&#769;t (</strong><em><strong>Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy</strong></em><strong>)</strong></p><p>Phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i "t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t" co&#769; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n (kha&#769; ng&#259;&#769;n go&#803;n) trong ba&#768;i nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cu&#777;a <em>Schoenfeld</em>, nhu&#795;ng cho &#273;&#234;&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;n ta&#803;i, chu&#769;ng ta v&#226;&#771;n thi&#234;&#769;u d&#432;&#771; li&#7865;&#770;u v&#234;&#768; da&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i na&#768;y. Phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i <em>Sarcoplasmic </em>co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#803;nh nghi&#771;a la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n 't&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t' (<em>Sarcoplasm</em>) cu&#777;a ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, v&#234;&#768; co&#795; ba&#777;n la&#768; t&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; mo&#803;i th&#432;&#769; ngoa&#803;i tr&#432;&#768; <em>Myofibrils </em>[2]. Ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; coi &#273;a&#770;y la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ph&#226;&#768;n ch&#226;&#769;t lo&#777;ng cu&#777;a t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;.</p><p>M&#7885;&#770;t nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c co&#770;ng b&#244;&#769; ca&#769;ch &#273;a&#770;y va&#768;i na&#774;m, th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n trong sa&#769;u tu&#226;&#768;n t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n v&#417;&#769;i kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng t&#7841;&#770;p l&#417;&#769;n (<em>High-Volume</em>) v&#417;&#769;i nh&#432;&#771;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i tham gia &#273;&#234;&#768;u &#273;a&#771; co&#769; kinh nghi&#7865;&#770;m t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n nh&#7841;&#770;n th&#226;&#769;y hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng gia&#777;m m&#7841;&#770;t &#273;&#7885;&#770; <em>Myosin </em>va&#768; <em>Actin </em>trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, m&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c cu&#777;a ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; ta&#774;ng le&#770;n [10]. Ca&#769;c ta&#769;c gia&#777; cu&#771;ng pha&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n s&#432;&#803; gia&#771;n n&#417;&#777; cu&#777;a tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n 't&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t', bao g&#244;&#768;m s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ca&#769;c tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n <em>Protein </em>trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t co&#769; tham gia va&#768;o ca&#769;c qua&#769; tri&#768;nh trao &#273;&#244;&#777;i ch&#226;&#769;t, s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng na&#768;y t&#244;&#768;n ta&#803;i &#273;&#234;&#769;n 8 nga&#768;y sau bu&#244;&#777;i t&#7841;&#770;p cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng [10]. Theo &#273;o&#769;, ca&#769;c nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;a&#771; pha&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n th&#226;&#769;y s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, ma&#768; <em>kho&#770;ng </em>pha&#777;i la&#768; do s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ca&#769;c <em>s&#417;&#803;i Protein co ru&#769;t </em>(<em>Actin </em>va&#768; <em>Myosin</em>). Thay va&#768;o &#273;o&#769;, la&#768; do s&#432;&#803; gia&#771;n n&#417;&#777; (m&#417;&#777; r&#7885;&#770;ng the&#770;m) cu&#777;a ph&#226;&#768;n <em>Sarcoplasmic </em>cu&#777;a ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;.</p><p>M&#7885;&#770;t nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u tu&#795;o&#795;ng t&#432;&#803; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n cho th&#226;&#769;y phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i da&#803;ng <em>Sarcoplasmic </em>co&#769; th&#234;&#777; la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n va&#768;o giai &#273;oa&#803;n &#273;&#226;&#768;u cu&#777;a s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; [3]. Ho&#803; suy &#273;oa&#769;n r&#259;&#768;ng, phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i da&#803;ng <em>Sarcoplasmic </em>giu&#769;p ta&#803;o ra kho&#770;ng gian c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t cho s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i to&#795; co&#795; (<em>myofibrils</em>) va&#768; giu&#769;p la&#768;m gia&#777;m ga&#769;nh n&#7841;&#774;ng trong vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p va&#768; x&#432;&#777; ly&#769; Protein cu&#777;a Nha&#770;n trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. M&#7885;&#770;t khi s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; co&#769; s&#432;&#803; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i &#273;a&#769;ng k&#234;&#777; tho&#770;ng qua da&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i <em>Sarcoplasmic</em>, thi&#768; lu&#769;c na&#768;y m&#7885;&#770;t nha&#770;n b&#244;&#777; sung (<em>Myonuclei</em>) co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c hi&#768;nh tha&#768;nh tho&#770;ng qua pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh. Sau &#273;o&#769;, nh&#432;&#771;ng nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (<em>Myonucleus</em>) m&#417;&#769;i na&#768;y co&#769; th&#234;&#777; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n b&#244;&#768;i tu&#803; cho ca&#769;c Protein co ru&#769;t trong s&#417;&#803;i to&#795; co&#795; cho &#273;&#234;&#769;n khi ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i &#273;a&#803;t &#273;&#234;&#769;n m&#7885;&#770;t ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng nh&#226;&#769;t &#273;i&#803;nh [3]. &#272;a&#770;y chu&#777; y&#234;&#769;u chi&#777; la&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng suy &#273;oa&#769;n, ne&#770;n chu&#769;ng ta v&#226;&#771;n se&#771; c&#226;&#768;n the&#770;m d&#432;&#771; li&#7865;&#770;u &#273;&#234;&#777; xa&#769;c nh&#7841;&#770;n ho&#7841;&#774;c ba&#769;c bo&#777; vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i 't&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t'.</p><p><strong>Phi&#768; &#272;a&#803;i Mo&#770; Lie&#770;n K&#234;&#769;t (</strong><em><strong>Connective Tissue Hypertrophy</strong></em><strong>)</strong></p><p>Phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t &#273;a&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#803;nh nghi&#771;a la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng th&#234;&#777; ti&#769;ch tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n &#8220;<em>ma tr&#7841;&#770;n ngoa&#803;i ba&#768;o</em>&#8221; (<em>Extra-Cellular Matrix </em>hay ECM), &#273;i ke&#768;m v&#417;&#769;i s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng khoa&#769;ng ch&#226;&#769;t ho&#7841;&#774;c protein [2]. Ca&#769;c l&#417;&#769;p mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t bao bo&#803;c m&#244;&#771;i c&#226;&#769;p &#273;&#7885;&#770; t&#244;&#777; ch&#432;&#769;c cu&#777;a mo&#770; co&#795; (bao bo&#803;c l&#226;&#769;y s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, bo&#769; co&#795;, co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p) la&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng gi&#768; da&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i 'mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t' &#273;&#234;&#768; c&#7841;&#770;p &#273;&#234;&#769;n. Mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t chi&#234;&#769;m khoa&#777;ng 20% mo&#770; co&#795;, va&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cu&#771;ng &#273;a&#771; chi&#777; ra s&#432;&#803; tu&#795;o&#795;ng ta&#769;c gi&#432;&#771;a ECM va&#768; ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n [20]. Kho&#770;ng co&#769; qua&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u s&#432;&#803; quan ta&#770;m &#273;&#234;&#769;n vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t so v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c da&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i <em>Myofibrils </em>ho&#7841;&#774;c phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i <em>Sarcoplasmic</em>.</p><p>Tuy nhie&#770;n, kho&#770;ng ne&#770;n bo&#777; qua t&#226;&#768;m quan tro&#803;ng cu&#777;a da&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i na&#768;y. Mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t &#273;o&#769;ng m&#7885;&#770;t vai tro&#768; quan tro&#803;ng trong ch&#432;&#769;c na&#774;ng cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, b&#417;&#777;i chu&#769;ng cung c&#226;&#769;p co&#795; s&#417;&#777; &#273;&#234;&#777; ta&#803;o ne&#770;n c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c va&#768; giu&#769;p ta&#803;o ra s&#432;&#803; &#244;&#777;n &#273;i&#803;nh cu&#777;a mo&#770; co&#795;. Ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; coi no&#769; nhu&#795; la&#768; khung cu&#777;a m&#7885;&#770;t ngo&#770;i nha&#768;, vi&#768; v&#234;&#768; co&#795; ba&#777;n thi&#768; co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c neo/ba&#769;m va&#768;o ca&#769;c l&#417;&#769;p mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t. No&#769; cu&#771;ng &#273;o&#769;ng vai tro&#768; la&#768; tha&#768;nh ph&#226;&#768;n giu&#769;p ta&#803;o ra ti&#769;nh &#273;a&#768;n h&#244;&#768;i cho co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; cho phe&#769;p co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co&#769; th&#234;&#777; pha&#770;n ph&#244;&#769;i l&#432;&#803;c va&#768; ta&#803;o ra ca&#769;c &#273;&#7841;&#774;c ti&#769;nh ke&#769;o gia&#771;n cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Do nh&#432;&#771;ng vai tro&#768; quan tro&#803;ng cu&#777;a mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t nhu&#795; v&#432;&#768;a ne&#770;u &#417;&#777; tre&#770;n, vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p no&#769;i chung co&#769; th&#234;&#777; se&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c quan ta&#770;m nhi&#234;&#768;u ho&#795;n.</p><p><strong>Hormone</strong></p><p>Hormone la&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng &#8220;s&#432;&#769; gia&#777; ho&#769;a ho&#803;c &#273;u&#795;a tin&#8221; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t ta&#803;i ca&#769;c tuy&#234;&#769;n trong co&#795; th&#234;&#777; (Vd: tuy&#234;&#769;n Ye&#770;n, tuy&#234;&#769;n Gia&#769;p...) va&#768; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c v&#7841;&#770;n chuy&#234;&#777;n trong ma&#769;u &#273;&#234;&#777; giao ti&#234;&#769;p v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o kha&#769;c trong co&#795; th&#234;&#777;. "Hormone &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a" (<em>Anabolic hormones</em>) &#273;o&#769;ng m&#7885;&#770;t vai tro&#768; trong s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p va&#768; a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng m&#7885;&#770;t ph&#226;&#768;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein trong co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (se&#771; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n ng&#259;&#769;n go&#803;n sau). Lu&#795;u y&#769;, &#273;&#234;&#777; co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co&#769; th&#234;&#777; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n thi&#768; chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; mu&#244;&#769;n ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein &#417;&#777; m&#432;&#769;c 'Du&#795;o&#795;ng' (<em>Positive Protein Balance </em>- Hi&#234;&#777;u &#273;o&#795;n gia&#777;n la&#768; m&#432;&#769;c Protein &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p l&#417;&#769;n ho&#795;n m&#432;&#769;c Protein ma&#768; co&#795; th&#234;&#777; pha&#770;n gia&#777;i).</p><p>&#416;&#777; phi&#769;a du&#795;&#417;&#769;i, chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n v&#234;&#768; ca&#769;c hormone &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a chi&#769;nh &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; &#273;o&#769;ng vai tro&#768; trong s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p.</p><p><em><strong>Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)</strong></em></p><p>IGF-1 &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c coi la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t loa&#803;i hormone &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a chi&#769;nh, va&#768; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;&#7841;&#774;t te&#770;n vi&#768; c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c ho&#769;a ho&#803;c tu&#795;o&#795;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng v&#417;&#769;i hormone <em>Insulin </em>[1]. "<strong>IGF-1Ea</strong>", "<strong>IGF-1Eb</strong>" va&#768; "<strong>IGF-1Ec</strong>" la&#768; ba da&#803;ng kha&#769;c nhau cu&#777;a IGF-1 kha&#769;c nhau &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh t&#244;&#768;n ta&#803;i &#417;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i [1,11]. Ca&#769;c loa&#803;i 'Ea' va&#768; 'Eb' &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c x&#234;&#769;p va&#768;o loa&#803;i "<em>Systemic Types</em>" (co&#769; a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng &#273;&#234;&#769;n toa&#768;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777;) &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t chu&#777; y&#234;&#769;u &#417;&#777; Gan va&#768; ca&#769;c mo&#770; kha&#769;c trong co&#795; th&#234;&#777;, bao g&#244;&#768;m ca&#777; co&#795; [11]. Trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n, ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; sa&#777;n sinh ph&#226;&#768;n l&#417;&#769;n loa&#803;i "<em>Systemic Types</em>" cu&#777;a IGF-1 trong co&#795; th&#234;&#777;, nhu&#795;ng ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i 'to&#795; co&#795;' cu&#771;ng s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng da&#803;ng IGF-1 &#273;ang lu&#795;u tho&#770;ng trong ma&#769;u (&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t t&#432;&#768; ca&#769;c mo&#770; kha&#769;c thay vi&#768; t&#432;&#768; chi&#769;nh co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p) nhi&#234;&#768;u ho&#795;n [11].</p><p>L&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch chi&#769;nh cu&#777;a IGF-1Ea va&#768; IGF-1Eb chu&#777; y&#234;&#769;u &#273;&#234;&#769;n t&#432;&#768; vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a chu&#769;ng trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh pha&#770;n ta&#769;ch (<em>differentiation</em>) va&#768; h&#417;&#803;p nh&#226;&#769;t (<em>fusion</em>) ca&#769;c <strong>t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh </strong>(<em>Satellite Cell</em>), d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng hi&#234;&#769;n t&#7841;&#774;ng 'nha&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o' (<em>Myonuclei</em>) cho s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. Da&#803;ng IGF-1Ec la&#803;i &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch b&#417;&#777;i ca&#769;c 'ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; ho&#803;c' (vd: T&#7841;&#770;p kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c), va&#768; do c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c ho&#769;a ho&#803;c cu&#777;a no&#769; ma&#768; da&#803;ng na&#768;y co&#768;n co&#769; te&#770;n go&#803;i kha&#769;c la&#768; <strong>MGF </strong>(<em>Mechano-Growth Factor</em>) [11,12]. MGF &#273;o&#769;ng m&#7885;&#770;t vai tro&#768; quan tro&#803;ng trong s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t va&#768; thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh sinh so&#770;i trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, cu&#771;ng nhu&#795; thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y kho&#770;i phu&#803;c d&#432;&#803; tr&#432;&#771; t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; [13].</p><p>Tuy nhie&#770;n, v&#226;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#768; cu&#777;a nh&#432;&#771;ng pha&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n la&#768;, h&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n chi&#777; di&#234;&#771;n ra tre&#770;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng v&#7841;&#770;t, ch&#432;&#769; kho&#770;ng th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i. Do &#273;o&#769;, r&#226;&#769;t kho&#769; &#273;&#234;&#777; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh ro&#771; co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; va&#768; m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; &#273;o&#769;ng go&#769;p chi&#769;nh xa&#769;c cu&#777;a da&#803;ng Hormone na&#768;y tre&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i, t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u y&#769; ki&#234;&#769;n tranh ca&#771;i gi&#432;&#771;a ca&#769;c nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u. M&#7885;&#770;t &#273;i&#234;&#768;u c&#226;&#768;n nh&#417;&#769; la&#768;, vi&#7865;&#770;c sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c MGF phu&#803; thu&#7885;&#770;c va&#768;o s&#432;&#803; xu&#226;&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n cu&#777;a "s&#432;&#769;c ta&#777;i co&#795; ho&#803;c" (<em>mechanical loading</em>), ma&#768; tho&#770;ng qua s&#432;&#769;c ta&#777;i co&#795; ho&#803;c co&#768;n co&#769; <em>r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u </em>ca&#769;c con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng d&#226;&#771;n truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a kha&#769;c xu&#226;&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n (tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n &#417;&#777; be&#770;n du&#795;&#417;&#769;i), do &#273;o&#769; IGF-1 kho&#770;ng pha&#777;i la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t &#8220;con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng&#8221; <em>duy nh&#226;&#769;t </em>giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p chi&#769;nh [14]. Tuy nhie&#770;n, kho&#770;ng th&#234;&#777; phu&#777; nh&#7841;&#770;n r&#259;&#768;ng, IGF-1 &#273;o&#769;ng vai tro&#768; thi&#234;&#769;t y&#234;&#769;u &#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p</p><p><em><strong>Testosterone</strong></em></p><p>Mo&#803;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i &#273;&#234;&#768;u nh&#7841;&#770;n th&#432;&#769;c &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c l&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch cu&#777;a <em>Testosterone </em>&#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. <em>Testosterone </em>r&#226;&#769;t c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t cho s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, nhu&#795;ng ca&#769;c co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; chi&#769;nh xa&#769;c cho vi&#7865;&#770;c na&#768;y v&#226;&#771;n chu&#795;a &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c hi&#234;&#777;u m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;ch &#273;&#226;&#768;y &#273;u&#777;.</p><p><em>Testosterone </em>la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t <em>Androgen </em>&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p t&#432;&#768; <em>Cholesterol</em>, va&#768; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; <em>Steroid </em>vi&#768; c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c ho&#769;a ho&#803;c cu&#777;a no&#769;. <em>Testosterone </em>&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c bi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#769;n la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t Hormone sinh du&#803;c nam quan tro&#803;ng, &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t va&#768; gia&#777;i pho&#769;ng t&#432;&#768; tinh hoa&#768;n. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u i&#769;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c bi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#769;n la&#768; phu&#803; n&#432;&#771; cu&#771;ng sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t <em>Testosterone </em>trong bu&#244;&#768;ng tr&#432;&#769;ng, m&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; s&#244;&#769; lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng i&#769;t ho&#795;n nam gi&#417;&#769;i khoa&#777;ng mu&#795;&#417;&#768;i l&#226;&#768;n (15).</p><p>Khi <em>Testosterone </em>lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; &#273;&#7841;&#774;c bi&#7865;&#770;t (Thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; <em>Androgen</em>), ta&#769;c du&#803;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a cu&#777;a no&#769; se&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c gia&#777;i pho&#769;ng [16]. L&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch chi&#769;nh ma&#768; <em>Testosterone </em>mang la&#803;i la&#768; kha&#777; na&#774;ng la&#768;m <strong>ta&#774;ng T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein </strong>va&#768; <strong>ki&#768;m ha&#771;m Pha&#770;n gia&#777;i Protein </strong>[17] [18]. Khi <em>Testosterone </em>thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y Ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein &#417;&#777; m&#432;&#769;c Du&#795;o&#795;ng (T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p &gt; Pha&#770;n gia&#777;i), co&#795; th&#234;&#777; se&#771; co&#769; kha&#777; na&#774;ng pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p l&#417;&#769;n ho&#795;n. <em>Testosterone </em>cu&#771;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; pha&#769;t huy hi&#7865;&#770;u qua&#777; &#417;&#777; tre&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch <em>&#432;&#769;c ch&#234;&#769; hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng </em>cu&#777;a ca&#769;c Hormone &#273;&#244;&#769;i l&#7841;&#770;p (Hormone a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng t&#417;&#769;i s&#432;&#803; ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein) va&#768; <em>ta&#774;ng gia&#777;i pho&#769;ng </em>ca&#769;c Hormone &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a kha&#769;c nhu&#795; IGF-1 va&#768; Hormone ta&#774;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#777;ng (GH) [15,17,19].</p><p>S&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng <em>Testosterone </em>sau khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n tru&#768;ng v&#417;&#769;i hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng gia&#777;m thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; <em>Androgen </em>ban &#273;&#226;&#768;u, ng&#259;&#769;n ngu&#777;i tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c khi s&#244;&#769; lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; <em>Androgen </em>ta&#774;ng la&#803;i trong va&#768;i gi&#417;&#768; sau khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n [21]. N&#234;&#769;u pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng cu&#777;a <em>Testosterone </em>t&#432;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n bi&#803; suy gia&#777;m, no&#769; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ha&#803;n ch&#234;&#769; pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng t&#432;&#768; ca&#769;c thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; <em>Androgen</em>, ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng tie&#770;u c&#432;&#803;c &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [22]. A&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng cu&#777;a <em>Testosterone </em>&#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; <em>Androgen </em>va&#768; kha&#777; na&#774;ng <em>Testosterone </em>a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng &#273;&#234;&#769;n hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh (<em>Satellite cell</em>) th&#234;&#777; hi&#7865;&#770;n ba&#777;n ch&#226;&#769;t '&#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a' (<em>anabolic</em>) va&#768; t&#226;&#768;m quan tro&#803;ng cu&#777;a no&#769; trong vi&#7865;&#770;c h&#244;&#771; tr&#417;&#803; s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [23,24].</p><p><em><strong>Growth Hormone (Hormone ta&#774;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#777;ng)</strong></em></p><p>Tuy&#234;&#769;n Ye&#770;n (<em>Pituitary Gland</em>) la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t tuy&#234;&#769;n co&#769; ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c b&#259;&#768;ng ha&#803;t &#273;&#7841;&#770;u, treo be&#770;n du&#795;&#417;&#769;i vu&#768;ng Du&#795;&#417;&#769;i &#273;&#244;&#768;i (<em>Hypothalamus</em>) &#417;&#777; vu&#768;ng trung ta&#770;m cu&#777;a &#273;&#226;&#768;u (ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i), g&#226;&#768;n &#273;a&#769;y na&#771;o cu&#777;a ba&#803;n. Tuy&#234;&#769;n Ye&#770;n la&#768; no&#795;i sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t 'Hormone ta&#774;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#777;ng' (<em>Growth Hormone </em>hay GH). &#272;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#234;&#768;u ho&#768;a b&#417;&#777;i ca&#769;c hormone ti&#234;&#769;t ra b&#417;&#777;i vu&#768;ng Du&#795;&#417;&#769;i &#273;&#244;&#768;i, ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o &#417;&#777; phi&#769;a tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c tuy&#234;&#769;n Ye&#770;n chi&#803;u tra&#769;ch nhi&#7865;&#770;m ti&#234;&#769;t ra GH v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; dao &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng le&#770;n xu&#244;&#769;ng trong su&#244;&#769;t ca&#777; nga&#768;y [25,26]. Vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c (<em>Resistance Training</em>) la&#768; ca&#769;ch giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch gia&#777;i pho&#769;ng GH &#417;&#777; nam va&#768; n&#432;&#771; t&#244;&#769;t nh&#226;&#769;t [25]. Ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cho th&#226;&#769;y m&#244;&#769;i lie&#770;n h&#7865;&#770; ch&#7841;&#774;t che&#771; gi&#432;&#771;a s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng nhanh cho&#769;ng cu&#777;a <em>Lactate </em>(m&#7885;&#770;t ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a ma&#768; chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n sau) va&#768; pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng cu&#777;a GH [27-29]. Vi&#768; v&#7841;&#770;y, khi ba&#803;n t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n v&#417;&#769;i cu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; cao (<em>High Intensity</em>), n&#244;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; Lactate ta&#774;ng le&#770;n, d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng ti&#769;ch c&#432;&#803;c le&#770;n GH. La&#768;m th&#234;&#769; na&#768;o &#273;&#234;&#777; ta&#774;ng n&#244;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; GH sau khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n co&#769; l&#417;&#803;i?</p><p>GH s&#417;&#777; h&#432;&#771;u kha&#777; na&#774;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770;c &#273;a&#769;o la&#768; thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y qua&#769; tri&#768;nh pha&#770;n gia&#777;i ch&#226;&#769;t be&#769;o (<em>lipolysis</em>) va&#768; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p protein [34,44]. L&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch chi&#769;nh cu&#777;a vi&#7865;&#770;c gia&#777;i pho&#769;ng GH la&#768; co&#769; ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng ti&#769;ch c&#432;&#803;c le&#770;n qua&#769; tri&#768;nh t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein <em>Collagen </em>[25,30,31]. Ta&#774;ng t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p protein <em>Collagen </em>d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i 'mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t'. M&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y co&#769; th&#234;&#777; kho&#770;ng tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p mang la&#803;i l&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch cho vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng <em>Myofibrillar Protein </em>(Protein co ru&#769;t) trong mo&#770; co&#795;, nhu&#795;ng no&#769; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n va&#768;o ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c t&#244;&#777;ng th&#234;&#777; cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Be&#770;n ca&#803;nh nh&#432;&#771;ng l&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch v&#234;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#777;ng cu&#777;a mo&#770; lie&#770;n k&#234;&#769;t, co&#768;n r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u ca&#770;u ho&#777;i chu&#795;a &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c tra&#777; l&#417;&#768;i v&#234;&#768; vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a GH trong vi&#7865;&#770;c giu&#769;p co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p thi&#769;ch nghi v&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n &#417;&#777; con ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i.</p><p>M&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; d&#432;&#771; li&#7865;&#770;u nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u theo chi&#234;&#768;u do&#803;c (<em>Longitudinal </em>- theo th&#417;&#768;i gian) v&#234;&#768; ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a GH le&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; con ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i co&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;u, ca&#769;c nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cu&#771;ng &#273;a&#771; &#273;a&#803;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c nh&#432;&#771;ng s&#432;&#803; hi&#234;&#777;u bi&#234;&#769;t &#273;a&#769;ng k&#234;&#777; v&#234;&#768; ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a GH le&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i. Vai tro&#768; &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a cu&#777;a GH co&#769; th&#234;&#777; la&#768; gia&#769;n ti&#234;&#769;p, b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch ta&#803;o ra IGF-1 &#417;&#777; Gan, d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch ca&#769;c chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a, d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (<em>Muscle Protein Synthesis </em>hay MPS) va&#768; cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [25,32-34].</p><p>Tuy nhie&#770;n, v&#226;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#768; na&#768;y v&#226;&#771;n co&#768;n nhi&#234;&#768;u tranh ca&#771;i xung quanh.</p><p>M&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u tre&#770;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng v&#7841;&#770;t (chu&#7885;&#770;t) la&#803;i cho th&#226;&#769;y GH ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p ca&#769;c chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a, va&#768; khi ca&#769;c thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; GH bi&#803; ch&#7841;&#774;n, ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p bi&#803; suy gia&#777;m [35,36]. V&#417;&#769;i h&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u xoay quanh GH &#273;&#234;&#768;u &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n chu&#7885;&#770;t, do &#273;o&#769; vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p d&#432;&#771; li&#7865;&#770;u d&#432;&#803;a tre&#770;n ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i la&#768; vo&#770; cu&#768;ng kho&#769; kha&#774;n. Ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n chu&#7885;&#770;t kho&#770;ng co&#769; gi&#768; sai ca&#777;; chi&#777; la&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c a&#769;p du&#803;ng ca&#769;c k&#234;&#769;t qua&#777; t&#432;&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u na&#768;y se&#771; bi&#803; ha&#803;n ch&#234;&#769; cho &#273;&#234;&#769;n khi chu&#769;ng ta co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u k&#234;&#769;t qua&#777; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u ho&#795;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n tre&#770;n co&#795; th&#234;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i. Va&#768; k&#234;&#769;t qua&#777; trong ca&#769;c th&#432;&#777; nghi&#7865;&#770;m tre&#770;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c &#273;a&#770;y cu&#771;ng r&#226;&#769;t ma&#770;u thu&#226;&#771;n.</p><p><em><strong>Gia&#777; thuy&#234;&#769;t v&#234;&#768; vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a Hormone (The Hormone Hypothesis)</strong></em></p><p>Sau khi ne&#770;u b&#7841;&#770;t vai tro&#768; ti&#234;&#768;m na&#774;ng cu&#777;a Hormone &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; r&#226;&#769;t quan tro&#803;ng &#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, chu&#769;ng ta ha&#771;y tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n v&#234;&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; tranh ca&#771;i xung quanh vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a Hormone. Co&#769; hai tru&#795;&#417;&#768;ng pha&#769;i tu&#795; tu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng. M&#7885;&#770;t m&#7841;&#774;t, va&#768;i nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cho r&#259;&#768;ng s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng Hormone tu&#226;&#768;n hoa&#768;n (<em>Circulating Hormone</em>) sau khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n la&#768; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t cho s&#432;&#803; ta&#774;ng cu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng la&#770;u da&#768;i cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [37,38]; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; "Gia&#777; thuy&#234;&#769;t Hormone" (<em>The Hormone Hypothesis</em>) [39]. Ngu&#795;&#417;&#803;c la&#803;i, co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u kha&#769;c tha&#769;ch th&#432;&#769;c gia&#777; thuy&#234;&#769;t na&#768;y, ho&#803; cho r&#259;&#768;ng "Hormone co&#769; &#273;&#7841;&#774;c ti&#769;nh &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a, nhu&#795;ng chi&#769;nh s&#432;&#803; ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t c&#226;&#769;p ti&#769;nh cu&#777;a ca&#769;c Protein n&#7885;&#770;i ba&#768;o, &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t do khi co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#777;i chi&#803;u ta&#777;i, ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p ti&#769;ch h&#417;&#803;p the&#770;m Protein m&#417;&#769;i" [40,41]. Ho&#795;n n&#432;&#771;a, ca&#769;c nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cho r&#259;&#768;ng "s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng hormone &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a do t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n la&#768; kho&#770;ng c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t va&#768; kho&#770;ng giu&#769;p ta&#774;ng cu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng the&#770;m qua&#769; tri&#768;nh pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p" [40].</p><p>Hi&#7865;&#770;n v&#226;&#771;n co&#768;n t&#244;&#768;n ta&#803;i nhi&#234;&#768;u cu&#7885;&#770;c tranh lu&#7841;&#770;n v&#234;&#768; m&#244;&#769;i lie&#770;n h&#7865;&#770; gi&#432;&#771;a s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng n&#244;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; Hormone sau khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n va&#768; 'phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p'. Th&#7841;&#770;t kho&#770;ng co&#770;ng b&#259;&#768;ng khi loa&#803;i bo&#777; hoa&#768;n toa&#768;n vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a hormone trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh ta&#774;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#777;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, nhu&#795;ng &#417;&#777; th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m hi&#7865;&#770;n ta&#803;i, co&#769; ve&#777; nhu&#795; ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a chu&#769;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; chi&#777; &#417;&#777; m&#432;&#769;c r&#226;&#769;t nho&#777;.</p><p><strong>5. PHI&#768; &#272;A&#803;I CO&#795; B&#258;&#769;P DO T&#7840;&#770;P LUY&#7864;&#770;N</strong></p><p>Nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cu&#777;a "<em>Schoenfeld</em>" va&#768;o na&#774;m 2010 &#273;a&#771; ne&#770;u chi ti&#234;&#769;t v&#234;&#768; ba co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; chi&#769;nh &#273;&#234;&#777; gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch ca&#769;ch co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng v&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c &#417;&#777; c&#226;&#769;p &#273;&#7885;&#770; t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o. <em><strong>Mechanical Tension </strong></em>(A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c co&#795; ho&#803;c), <em><strong>Muscle Damage </strong></em>(T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p) va&#768; <em><strong>Metabolic Stress </strong></em>(A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a) la&#768; 3 co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; giu&#769;p gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch s&#432;&#803; ph&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;p cu&#777;a vi&#7865;&#770;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p nhi&#234;&#768;u Protein ho&#795;n nh&#259;&#768;m giu&#769;p xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p l&#417;&#769;n ho&#795;n.</p><p>Va&#768; k&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769;, chu&#769;ng ta cu&#771;ng b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; hay co&#769; s&#432;&#803; "nghi ng&#417;&#768;" nhi&#234;&#768;u ho&#795;n v&#234;&#768; m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; &#273;o&#769;ng go&#769;p cu&#777;a 2 co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; "t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p" va&#768; "a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c trao &#273;&#244;&#777;i ch&#226;&#769;t" va&#768;o qua&#769; tri&#768;nh pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Cu&#771;ng c&#226;&#768;n no&#769;i the&#770;m &#273;&#234;&#777; v&#226;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#768; ro&#771; ra&#768;ng ho&#795;n: ca&#769;c co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n hay phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p chi&#777; &#273;o&#795;n gia&#777;n la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t <em>mo&#770; hi&#768;nh kha&#769;i ni&#7865;&#770;m </em>giu&#769;p gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch qua&#769; tri&#768;nh sinh ly&#769; cu&#777;a s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#417;&#777; c&#226;&#769;p &#273;&#7885;&#770; t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o. Ly&#769; thuy&#234;&#769;t na&#768;y kho&#770;ng cung c&#226;&#769;p cho chu&#769;ng ta nh&#432;&#771;ng ca&#769;ch th&#432;&#769;c cu&#803; th&#234;&#777;, tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n. Chu&#769;ng ta gia&#777; &#273;i&#803;nh r&#259;&#768;ng, tho&#770;ng qua vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n thi&#768; ca&#769;c chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a se&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t, giu&#769;p &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh vi&#7865;&#770;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n. Nh&#432;&#771;ng chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c d&#432;&#803;a tre&#770;n y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; <strong>Ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein</strong>.</p><p>"Ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p" (<em>Muscle Protein Balance</em>) la&#768; s&#432;&#803; kha&#769;c bi&#7865;&#770;t gi&#432;&#771;a m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein (<strong>MPS</strong>) va&#768; Pha&#770;n gia&#777;i Protein (<em>Muscle Protein Breakdown </em>hay <strong>MPB</strong>). Khi MPS l&#417;&#769;n ho&#795;n MPB, ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng protein &#417;&#777; tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i Du&#795;o&#795;ng (<em>Positive</em>), d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n ta&#774;ng kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Khi MPB l&#417;&#769;n ho&#795;n MPS, ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng protein &#417;&#777; tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i A&#770;m (<em>Negative</em>), d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n gia&#777;m kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Nh&#432;&#771;ng y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch (<em>stimuli</em>) va&#768; 'ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n' (<em>sensor</em>) phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y Ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein v&#234;&#768; tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i Du&#795;o&#795;ng b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng ph&#244;&#769;i h&#417;&#803;p gi&#432;&#771;a ca&#769;c <em>enzyme </em>va&#768; Protein trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; [14]. Y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769;i 'ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i' (<em>hypertrophy stimuli</em>) la&#768; th&#432;&#769; &#273;&#226;&#768;u tie&#770;n kh&#417;&#777;i &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng nh&#432;&#771;ng ta&#769;c nha&#770;n ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t (<em>trigger) </em>ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch ca&#769;c chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a [14]. M&#7885;&#770;t 'ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i' (<em>hypertrophy sensor</em>) ca&#777;m nh&#7841;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch va&#768; la&#768;m trung gian &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh ca&#769;c chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a va&#768; di&#803; ho&#769;a [14]. N&#234;&#769;u co&#769; &#273;u&#777; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; ho&#803;c, no&#769; se&#771; thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y Ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein Du&#795;o&#795;ng, d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p.</p><p><strong>S&#432;&#769;c Ca&#774;ng Co&#795; Ho&#803;c</strong></p><p>'A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c co&#795; ho&#803;c' hay 'S&#432;&#769;c ca&#774;ng co&#795; ho&#803;c' (<em>Mechanical Tension</em>) la&#768; m&#432;&#769;c kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c ho&#7841;&#774;c ta&#777;i tro&#803;ng ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng le&#770;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n hay chuy&#234;&#777;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng. &#272;a&#770;y la&#768; co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u b&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng khoa ho&#803;c u&#777;ng h&#7885;&#770; nh&#226;&#769;t, khi&#234;&#769;n no&#769; tr&#417;&#777; tha&#768;nh co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co&#769; &#273;&#7885;&#770; ch&#259;&#769;c ch&#259;&#769;n cao nh&#226;&#769;t [14]. Ba&#803;n se&#771; kho&#770;ng th&#234;&#777; khi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i (<em>Hypertrophy</em>) n&#234;&#769;u kho&#770;ng co&#769; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; <em>kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c </em>t&#432;&#768; be&#770;n ngoa&#768;i ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng (khi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#777;i chi&#803;u ta&#777;i). Co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;a&#771; cho th&#226;&#769;y, khi co&#795; th&#234;&#777; &#417;&#777; tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i b&#226;&#769;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng (cha&#770;n tay b&#226;&#769;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng), kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p se&#771; bi&#803; suy gia&#777;m, nguye&#770;n nha&#770;n do thi&#234;&#769;u ca&#769;c kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c co&#795; ho&#803;c ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng &#273;&#234;&#769;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [14].</p><p>&#272;&#234;&#777; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; nh&#7841;&#770;n bi&#234;&#769;t hay &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c 'S&#432;&#769;c ca&#774;ng co&#795; ho&#803;c' ma&#768; no&#769; &#273;ang pha&#777;i chi&#803;u ta&#777;i, co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p se&#771; c&#226;&#768;n tho&#770;ng qua nh&#432;&#771;ng &#273;o&#795;n vi&#803; <strong>&#8220;Ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c&#8221; </strong>(<em>Mechanosensors</em>) co&#769; trong s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. Ca&#769;c ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c na&#768;y kho&#770;ng chi&#777; giu&#769;p ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o thi&#769;ch nghi v&#417;&#769;i l&#432;&#803;c tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p sinh ra t&#432;&#768; s&#432;&#803; co cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, ma&#768; co&#768;n giu&#769;p s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; thi&#769;ch nghi v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u co&#795; ho&#803;c gia&#769;n ti&#234;&#769;p ho&#795;n nhu&#795; l&#432;&#803;c c&#259;&#769;t ngang (<em>Shear Force</em>), s&#432;&#803; bi&#234;&#769;n da&#803;ng (<em>Deformation</em>), l&#432;&#803;c ne&#769;n (<em>Compression Force</em>) va&#768; &#273;&#7885;&#770; c&#432;&#769;ng cu&#777;a ma tr&#7841;&#770;n ngoa&#803;i ba&#768;o (ECM) bao quanh m&#244;&#771;i t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o [14].</p><p>L&#432;&#803;c tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p ta&#803;o ra t&#432;&#768; s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, b&#259;&#769;t ngu&#244;&#768;n t&#432;&#768; l&#432;&#803;c &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ta&#803;o ra b&#417;&#777;i ca&#769;c <em>Sarcomeres </em>cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. L&#432;&#803;c co na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c truy&#234;&#768;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n ga&#770;n va&#768; xu&#795;o&#795;ng tho&#770;ng qua hai h&#7865;&#770; th&#244;&#769;ng truy&#234;&#768;n l&#432;&#803;c: 1) l&#432;&#803;c &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c truy&#234;&#768;n theo <strong>chi&#234;&#768;u do&#803;c </strong>t&#432;&#768; &#273;&#226;&#768;u na&#768;y cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; sang &#273;&#226;&#768;u kia; va&#768; 2) l&#432;&#803;c &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c truy&#234;&#768;n the&#770;m theo <strong>chi&#234;&#768;u ngang </strong>s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; la&#768; l&#432;&#803;c t&#432;&#768; <em>Sarcomere </em>tho&#770;ng qua ma&#768;ng s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; (<em>sarcolemma</em>) &#273;&#234;&#769;n ma tr&#7841;&#770;n ngoa&#803;i ba&#768;o (ECM) (tho&#770;ng qua m&#7885;&#770;t &#273;o&#795;n vi&#803; co&#769; te&#770;n la&#768; <em>Costameres</em>) ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng &#273;&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c pha&#770;n t&#226;&#768;ng kha&#769;c (Nhu&#795; s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, ca&#769;c bo&#769; co&#795; &#273;&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c bo&#769; co&#795;,...).</p><p>Co&#769; kha&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u &#8220;Ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c&#8221; &#417;&#777; trong co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, tham gia va&#768;o qua&#769; tri&#768;nh truy&#234;&#768;n l&#432;&#803;c. Tuy nhie&#770;n, &#273;&#234;&#777; th&#7841;&#770;t s&#432;&#803; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c coi la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t &#8220;Ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c&#8221; tham gia tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p va&#768; &#273;&#226;&#768;y &#273;u&#777; va&#768;o qua&#769; tri&#768;nh ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i, ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n &#273;o&#769; sau khi nh&#7841;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ca&#769;c ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u l&#432;&#803;c t&#432;&#768; s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; se&#771; pha&#777;i ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t ca&#769;c pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng truy&#234;&#768;n ca&#769;c ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u giu&#769;p <em>ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch </em>ca&#769;c <strong>chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a </strong>giu&#769;p co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p ta&#774;ng t&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein va&#768; <strong>pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n; </strong>ca&#769;c chu&#244;&#771;i pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#768;a na&#768;y co&#768;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i chung la&#768; &#8220;<em>Myogen Pathways</em>&#8221; (Chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; ba&#768;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n &#417;&#777; be&#770;n du&#795;&#417;&#769;i sau). Co&#769; 3 ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c co&#769; ti&#234;&#768;m na&#774;ng nhu&#795; v&#7841;&#770;y &#273;a&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c pha&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n, &#273;o&#769; la&#768; &#8220;<em>Costameres</em>&#8221;, &#8220;<em>Titin</em>&#8221; va&#768; &#8220;<em>Filamin-C-Bag3</em>&#8221; [14].</p><p><em><strong>Ca&#769;c con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a chi&#769;nh</strong></em></p><p>Nh&#432;&#771;ng gi&#768; chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n trong ph&#226;&#768;n na&#768;y la&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng xa&#777;y ra <strong>trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; </strong>(n&#7885;&#770;i ba&#768;o). A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c co&#795; ho&#803;c hay m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng t&#432;&#768; ca&#769;c chuy&#234;&#777;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng trong t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n giu&#769;p ta&#803;o ra ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch le&#770;n t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;, va&#768; ca&#769;c thu&#803; th&#234;&#777; ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c kha&#769;c nhau (<em>mechanosensors</em>) ta&#803;i &#273;a&#770;y se&#771; giu&#769;p "truy&#234;&#768;n" ca&#769;c ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch &#273;o&#769; va&#768;o t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;, &#273;&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; co&#769; nh&#432;&#771;ng pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng ph&#244;&#769;i h&#417;&#803;p da&#803;ng sinh ho&#803;c di&#234;&#771;n ra be&#770;n trong.</p><p>Ca&#769;c <em>enzyme </em>(Protein) kha&#769;c nhau se&#771; ti&#234;&#769;p tu&#803;c &#273;a&#777;m nh&#7841;&#770;n ca&#769;c pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng ph&#244;&#769;i h&#417;&#803;p na&#768;y trong vu&#768;ng T&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o ch&#226;&#769;t (<em>Sarcoplasm</em>) cu&#777;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;. Ca&#769;c <em>enzyme </em>na&#768;y se&#771; giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t nhi&#234;&#768;u <em>enzyme </em>hay pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng phu&#768; h&#417;&#803;p kha&#769;c; chu&#769;ng se&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i la&#768; con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a, v&#417;&#769;i hi vo&#803;ng se&#771; d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p n&#234;&#769;u nhu&#795; k&#234;&#769;t qua&#777; cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng cu&#777;a pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng la&#768; <strong>m&#432;&#769;c ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein Du&#795;o&#795;ng </strong>(MPS &gt; MPB).</p><p>Du&#795;&#417;&#769;i &#273;a&#770;y la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a quan tro&#803;ng trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;, &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch b&#417;&#777;i co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; "<em>Mechanical Tension</em>" (S&#432;&#769;c ca&#774;ng co&#795; ho&#803;c).</p><p><strong>PI3K/Akt &amp; mTOR</strong>: Enzyme <em>Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase </em>(PI3K)/AKt co&#769; th&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p kh&#417;&#777;i ta&#803;o ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a va&#768; &#432;&#769;c ch&#234;&#769; ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u di&#803; ho&#769;a [5]. No&#769;i ca&#769;ch kha&#769;c, no&#769; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; nga&#774;n ng&#432;&#768;a m&#226;&#769;t co&#795; t&#432;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c chu&#769;ng ta "kho&#770;ng s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng" chu&#769;ng va&#768; thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; [45]. Akt th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng <em>truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u </em>&#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t <strong>mTOR </strong>(<em>mammalian target of rapamycin</em>). mTOR &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t ta&#769;c nha&#770;n &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh quan tro&#803;ng trong ca&#769;c pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch ta&#774;ng co&#795; [45]. Sau khi &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c Akt ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t, mTOR hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng nhu&#795; m&#7885;&#770;t <em>'tra&#803;m trung chuy&#234;&#777;n &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a' </em>(<em>anabolic hub</em>) ki&#234;&#777;m soa&#769;t qua&#769; tri&#768;nh T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein, b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t ca&#769;c protein truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u kha&#769;c chi&#803;u tra&#769;ch nhi&#7865;&#770;m xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng ca&#769;c protein m&#417;&#769;i. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u quan tro&#803;ng la&#768; <strong>chi&#769;nh mTOR cu&#771;ng &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh </strong>b&#417;&#777;i nhi&#234;&#768;u y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; kha&#769;c nhu&#795; tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng cu&#777;a co&#795; th&#234;&#777;. M&#432;&#769;c na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng cu&#777;a co&#795; th&#234;&#777; cao ho&#795;n giu&#769;p thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y s&#432;&#803; ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t cu&#777;a mTOR, va&#768; m&#432;&#769;c na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng gia&#777;m &#273;i co&#769; th&#234;&#777; nga&#774;n ch&#7841;&#774;n s&#432;&#803; ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t cu&#777;a mTOR.</p><p><em><strong>Mitogen-Activated Protein-Kinase </strong></em><strong>(MAPK)</strong>: <em>Enzyme Mitogen- Activated Protein Kinase </em>(MAPK) la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t ta&#769;c nha&#770;n &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh chi&#769;nh kha&#769;c giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n. Khi &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch tho&#770;ng qua vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n, MAPK ta&#803;o ra m&#7885;&#770;t chu&#244;&#771;i ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u co&#769; kha&#777; na&#774;ng ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t m&#7885;&#770;t ho&#803; ca&#769;c pha&#770;n nho&#769;m MAPK kha&#769;c, d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n cu&#777;a ca&#769;c gen lie&#770;n quan &#273;&#234;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein va&#768; cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng giu&#769;p ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [47]. &#272;a&#770;y la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;i nhi&#768;n t&#244;&#777;ng quan, th&#432;&#803;c t&#234;&#769; co&#769; r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u bu&#795;&#417;&#769;c pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng xa&#777;y ra trong con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u na&#768;y. MAPK la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t trong nh&#432;&#771;ng con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng chi&#769;nh giu&#769;p ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch vi&#7865;&#770;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n.</p><p><strong>Nh&#432;&#771;ng con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh b&#417;&#777;i Canxi (</strong><em><strong>Calcium- Regulated Pathways</strong></em><strong>)</strong>: M&#7885;&#770;t t&#7841;&#770;p h&#417;&#803;p ca&#769;c ta&#769;c nha&#770;n &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh &#273;a&#769;ng chu&#769; y&#769; cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng cho vi&#7865;&#770;c pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;o lie&#770;n quan &#273;&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng phu&#803; thu&#7885;&#770;c va&#768;o Canxi (<strong>Ca</strong>). M&#7885;&#770;t trong s&#244;&#769; ca&#769;c con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng &#273;o&#769; la&#768; <em>Calcineurin</em>, m&#7885;&#770;t <em>enzyme </em>&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ki&#769;ch hoa&#803;t b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch ta&#774;ng n&#244;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; Ca n&#7885;&#770;i ba&#768;o [48]. Nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u v&#234;&#768; vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a <em>calcineurin </em>trong phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;ang cho th&#226;&#769;y k&#234;&#769;t qua&#777; tra&#769;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#803;c nhau, nhu&#795;ng cu&#771;ng co&#769; &#273;u&#777; b&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng cho th&#226;&#769;y no&#769; &#273;o&#769;ng m&#7885;&#770;t vai tro&#768; trong vi&#7865;&#770;c &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [49]. Nhi&#234;&#768;u <em>enzyme </em>phu&#803; thu&#7885;&#770;c Ca kha&#769;c cu&#771;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;o&#769;ng m&#7885;&#770;t vai tro&#768; trong pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i vi&#769; du&#803; nhu&#795; "CaMKIV", "CaMKII"... [50]</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png" width="437" height="354.1357285429142" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:812,&quot;width&quot;:1002,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:437,&quot;bytes&quot;:1933048,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQIB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F419fae80-5448-426d-9c66-2453adbbe836_1002x812.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Th&#432;&#803;c s&#432;&#803; chu&#777; &#273;&#234;&#768; na&#768;y la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t "H&#244;&#769; tho&#777;" (hi&#768;nh a&#777;nh &#226;&#777;n du&#803; cho vi&#7865;&#770;c ro&#795;i va&#768;o ti&#768;nh hu&#244;&#769;ng ky&#768; by&#769;, r&#259;&#769;m r&#244;&#769;i, va&#768; thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng la&#768; kho&#769; d&#432;&#769;t ra) sa&#770;u ho&#259;&#769;m trong nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u ta&#774;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#777;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Chu&#769;ng ta kho&#770;ng mu&#244;&#769;n &#273;i qua&#769; sa&#770;u va&#768;o ca&#769;c hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng be&#770;n trong ph&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;p cu&#777;a qua&#769; tri&#768;nh T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein va&#768; di truy&#234;&#768;n ho&#803;c. Nh&#432;&#771;ng tho&#770;ng tin tre&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n nh&#259;&#768;m cung c&#226;&#769;p m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;i nhi&#768;n t&#244;&#777;ng quan ng&#259;&#769;n go&#803;n v&#234;&#768; ca&#769;c gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch khoa ho&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n ta&#803;i, v&#234;&#768; ca&#769;ch t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c ta&#803;o ra ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch, ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch &#273;o&#769; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c truy&#234;&#768;n xu&#244;&#769;ng t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; va&#768; ca&#769;ch t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng nhi&#234;&#768;u Protein ho&#795;n &#273;&#234;&#777; ta&#774;ng ki&#769;ch thu&#795;&#417;&#769;c mo&#770; co&#795;.</p><p><strong>T&#244;&#777;n Thu&#795;o&#795;ng Co&#795; B&#259;&#769;p</strong></p><p>Khoa&#777;ng hai na&#774;m sau &#226;&#769;n ph&#226;&#777;m chuye&#770;n &#273;&#234;&#768; chu&#769;ng ta nh&#259;&#769;c &#273;&#234;&#769;n &#417;&#777; &#273;&#226;&#768;u ba&#768;i [1], <em>Schoenfeld </em>&#273;a&#771; xu&#226;&#769;t ba&#777;n m&#7885;&#770;t ba&#768;i ba&#769;o &#273;&#234;&#777; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n v&#234;&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng tranh ca&#771;i lie&#770;n quan &#273;&#234;&#769;n vai tro&#768; cu&#777;a t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (<em>Muscle Damage</em>) [51]. Cu&#771;ng k&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769;, chu&#769;ng ta &#273;a&#771; co&#769; the&#770;m nh&#432;&#771;ng b&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng m&#417;&#769;i hoa&#768;i nghi v&#234;&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; ly&#769; do lie&#770;n quan &#273;&#234;&#769;n gia&#777; thuy&#234;&#769;t t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [52].</p><p><em><strong>T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p la&#768; gi&#768;?</strong></em></p><p>T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, chi&#769;nh xa&#769;c nhu&#795; te&#770;n go&#803;i no&#769;, la&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; bi&#803; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng. Cu&#803; th&#234;&#777;, &#273;&#7841;&#774;c tru&#795;ng cu&#777;a no&#769; la&#768; s&#432;&#803; <strong>&#8220;&#273;&#432;&#769;t ga&#771;y&#8221; </strong>ta&#803;i ca&#769;c &#273;oa&#803;n <em>Sarcomeres </em>cu&#777;a ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; va&#768; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng, hu&#795; ho&#777;ng &#417;&#777; ca&#769;c c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c xung quanh, ta&#803;o ra do vi&#7865;&#770;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co ru&#769;t trong t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n [44]. Vi&#7865;&#770;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p bi&#803; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng ga&#770;y ra nh&#432;&#771;ng a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng sau &#273;o&#769; le&#770;n s&#432;&#803; bi&#234;&#769;n &#273;&#244;&#777;i &#417;&#777; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; pha&#770;n t&#432;&#777; kha&#769;c, nhu&#795; vi&#7865;&#770;c r&#244;&#769;i loa&#803;n &#273;i&#234;&#768;u ho&#768;a <em>ion </em>Ca ta&#803;i s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; hay s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng ca&#769;c Protein trong huy&#234;&#769;t tu&#795;o&#795;ng thoa&#769;t ra kho&#777;i s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; bi&#803; hu&#795; ho&#777;ng [14]. T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p chu&#777; y&#234;&#769;u xa&#777;y ra do vi&#7865;&#770;c chu&#769;ng ta th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n ca&#769;c ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p m&#417;&#769;i (kho&#770;ng quen thu&#7885;&#770;c) khi b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u m&#7885;&#770;t chu&#795;o&#795;ng tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n m&#417;&#769;i, va&#768; m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; phu&#803; thu&#7885;&#770;c va&#768;o loa&#803;i ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p, cu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; va&#768; th&#417;&#768;i gian ke&#769;o da&#768;i cu&#777;a bu&#244;&#777;i t&#7841;&#770;p [53]. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch vi&#768; sao ba&#803;n la&#803;i tra&#777;i qua co&#795;n &#273;au nh&#432;&#769;c nhi&#234;&#768;u ho&#795;n, khi tr&#417;&#777; la&#803;i ta&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n sau m&#7885;&#770;t th&#417;&#768;i gian da&#768;i bo&#777; t&#7841;&#770;p. T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p cu&#771;ng co&#769; s&#432;&#803; lie&#770;n quan nhi&#234;&#768;u &#273;&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c ki&#234;&#777;u co co&#795; (<em>Eccentric</em>, <em>Concentric</em>,<em>Isometric</em>). Co co&#795; da&#803;ng <em>Eccentric </em>(&#417;&#777; khoa&#777;ng co&#795; ke&#769;o da&#768;i) &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c xem la&#768; ta&#803;o ra nhi&#234;&#768;u t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p ho&#795;n so v&#417;&#769;i da&#803;ng <em>Concentric </em>(khoa&#777;ng co&#795; co ng&#259;&#769;n) va&#768; <em>Isometric </em>(&#273;&#7885;&#770; da&#768;i co&#795; kho&#770;ng &#273;&#244;&#777;i) [54,55].</p><p>Tuy nhie&#770;n, co&#795;n &#273;au nh&#432;&#769;c va&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p du&#795;&#417;&#768;ng nhu&#795; gia&#777;m d&#226;&#768;n &#417;&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng bu&#244;&#777;i t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c l&#7841;&#774;p la&#803;i sau &#273;o&#769; nh&#417;&#768; va&#768;o m&#7885;&#770;t hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#769; te&#770;n la&#768; <strong>&#8220;</strong><em><strong>Repeated Bout Effect</strong></em><strong>&#8221; </strong>[56] (&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n trong T&#7841;&#770;p san Tha&#769;ng 10/2022). Tuy nhie&#770;n, m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;a&#771; chi&#777; ra r&#259;&#768;ng vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p v&#226;&#771;n xa&#777;y ra &#417;&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p hay V&#272;V co&#769; kinh nghi&#7865;&#770;m; co&#769; ve&#777; hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng "<em>Repeated Bout Effect</em>" chi&#777; giu&#769;p gia&#777;m nhe&#803; vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p ch&#432;&#769; kho&#770;ng khi&#234;&#769;n no&#769; bi&#234;&#769;n m&#226;&#769;t [57].</p><p>Khi t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p hay vi&#7865;&#770;c ca&#769;c s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; bi&#803; hu&#795; ha&#803;i sau qua&#769; tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n, thi&#768; co&#769; m&#7885;&#770;t va&#768;i y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; &#273;i ke&#768;m sau &#273;o&#769; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho r&#259;&#768;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch s&#432;&#803; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, ch&#259;&#777;ng ha&#803;n nhu&#795; vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein &#273;&#234;&#777; s&#432;&#777;a ch&#432;&#771;a s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, t&#7841;&#774;ng vie&#770;m ta&#803;i s&#417;&#803;i co&#795;, ta&#774;ng hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh, ta&#774;ng sa&#777;n xu&#226;&#769;t IGF- 1 va&#768; ta&#774;ng ti&#769;ch nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (<em>Cell Swelling</em>) [44,58-60]. Ca&#769;c y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c xem la&#768; co&#769; l&#417;&#803;i cho vi&#7865;&#770;c phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, b&#417;&#777;i chu&#769;ng giu&#769;p s&#432;&#777;a ch&#432;&#771;a va&#768; khi&#234;&#769;n s&#417;&#803;i co&#795; kho&#777;e ho&#795;n &#273;&#234;&#777; tra&#769;nh ca&#769;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; xa&#777;y ra trong tu&#795;o&#795;ng lai [58]. Nghe co&#769; ve&#777; h&#417;&#803;p ly&#769; nhi&#777;? Ca&#770;u tra&#777; l&#417;&#768;i la&#768; Co&#769; va&#768; Kho&#770;ng...</p><p><em><strong>B&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng tre&#770;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i v&#234;&#768; m&#244;&#769;i lie&#770;n h&#7865;&#770; gi&#432;&#771;a T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p va&#768; Phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p</strong></em></p><p>Kho&#770;ng co&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cho th&#226;&#769;y m&#244;&#769;i lie&#770;n h&#7865;&#770; tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p gi&#432;&#771;a t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p va&#768; s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#417;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i. M&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#417;&#777; ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i cho th&#226;&#769;y s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p la&#768; tu&#795;o&#795;ng &#273;u&#795;o&#795;ng nhau gi&#432;&#771;a hai nho&#769;m &#273;&#244;&#769;i tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng, m&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t nho&#769;m cho th&#226;&#769;y vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; nhi&#234;&#768;u ho&#795;n h&#259;&#777;n [61]. N&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; giu&#769;p phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, ba&#803;n se&#771; th&#226;&#769;y s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p nhi&#234;&#768;u ho&#795;n v&#417;&#769;i nhi&#234;&#768;u s&#432;&#803; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng ho&#795;n.</p><p>M&#7885;&#770;t nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u kha&#769;c g&#226;&#768;n &#273;a&#770;y ki&#234;&#777;m tra v&#234;&#768; s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p sau va&#768;i tu&#226;&#768;n t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n [62]. Ca&#769;c nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u quan sa&#769;t vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p sau m&#244;&#771;i t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n. Tuy nhie&#770;n, m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c nh&#7841;&#770;n th&#226;&#769;y i&#769;t ho&#795;n theo th&#417;&#768;i gian, va&#768; v&#417;&#769;i s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;a&#769;ng k&#234;&#777; nh&#226;&#769;t la&#803;i &#417;&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng &#273;&#244;&#769;i tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#769; m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng &#417;&#777; m&#432;&#769;c th&#226;&#769;p nh&#226;&#769;t [62]. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y co&#769; th&#234;&#777; cho th&#226;&#769;y, co&#769; m&#7885;&#770;t m&#244;&#769;i quan h&#7865;&#770; "pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng - li&#234;&#768;u lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng" gi&#432;&#771;a T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p va&#768; Phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p. Co&#769; nghi&#771;a la&#768; &#273;&#234;&#777; co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; se&#771; pha&#777;i c&#226;&#768;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n m&#7885;&#770;t lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p <em>nh&#226;&#769;t &#273;i&#803;nh</em>, nhu&#795;ng <em>qua&#769; nhi&#234;&#768;u </em>s&#432;&#803; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p la&#803;i la&#768; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u x&#226;&#769;u.</p><p>L&#7841;&#770;p lu&#7841;&#770;n cu&#244;&#769;i cu&#768;ng &#273;a&#769;ng chu&#769; y&#769; ch&#244;&#769;ng la&#803;i gia&#777; thuy&#234;&#769;t v&#234;&#768; 'T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p' n&#259;&#768;m tre&#770;n m&#7885;&#770;t ky&#771; thu&#7841;&#770;t t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n co&#769; te&#770;n la&#768; <strong>BFR </strong>(<em>Blood Flow Restriction Training</em>). &#272;a&#770;y la&#768; ky&#771; thu&#7841;&#770;t khi&#234;&#769;n &#432;&#769;c ch&#234;&#769; lu&#795;u lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng ma&#769;u ta&#803;i m&#7885;&#770;t vu&#768;ng co&#795; nh&#226;&#769;t &#273;i&#803;nh trong m&#7885;&#770;t ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p. BFR &#273;a&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ch&#432;&#769;ng minh la&#768; ga&#770;y ra s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;a&#769;ng k&#234;&#777;, trong khi ha&#803;n ch&#234;&#769; r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [63]</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png" width="559" height="410.2088724584103" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1082,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:559,&quot;bytes&quot;:1096708,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eULM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ab6733-3ddb-4172-8617-dd0f059386de_1082x794.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>.</p><p>T&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;o&#769;ng go&#769;p m&#7885;&#770;t ph&#226;&#768;n trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, nhu&#795;ng th&#7841;&#770;t kho&#769; &#273;&#234;&#777; ta&#769;ch rie&#770;ng bi&#7865;&#770;t t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p kho&#777;i ca&#769;c y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; ga&#770;y nhi&#234;&#771;u kha&#769;c. Chu&#769;ng ta c&#226;&#768;n nhi&#234;&#768;u nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u ho&#795;n &#273;&#234;&#777; xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p co&#769; s&#432;&#803; &#273;o&#769;ng go&#769;p nhu&#795; th&#234;&#769; na&#768;o trong pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng v&#226;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#768; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p tho&#770;ng qua vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c.</p><p><strong>A&#769;p L&#432;&#803;c Chuy&#234;&#777;n Ho&#769;a (</strong><em><strong>Metabolic Stress</strong></em><strong>)</strong></p><p>Trong b&#7885;&#770; phim ta&#768;i li&#7865;&#770;u n&#244;&#777;i ti&#234;&#769;ng "<em>Pumping Iron</em>", Arnold no&#769;i v&#234;&#768; ca&#777;m gia&#769;c "<em>Pump </em>co&#795;" va&#768; &#273;o&#769; ca&#777;m gia&#769;c tuy&#7865;&#770;t v&#417;&#768;i nh&#226;&#769;t qua&#777; &#273;&#226;&#769;t; n&#234;&#769;u ba&#803;n &#273;a&#771; xem b&#7885;&#770; phim, ba&#803;n se&#771; bi&#234;&#769;t chu&#769;ng ta &#273;ang no&#769;i v&#234;&#768; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u gi&#768;. Du&#768; sao thi&#768; "<em>Pump </em>co&#795;" la&#768; th&#432;&#769; ma&#768; nhi&#234;&#768;u ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i theo &#273;u&#244;&#777;i trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n vi&#768; no&#769; khi&#234;&#769;n ba&#803;n ca&#777;m th&#226;&#769;y co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p tro&#770;ng l&#417;&#769;n ho&#795;n. Cu&#768;ng v&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p "su&#795;ng t&#226;&#769;y" ta&#803;i ca&#769;c nho&#769;m co&#795; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c t&#7841;&#770;p, ba&#803;n cu&#771;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ca&#777;m th&#226;&#769;y co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p cu&#777;a mi&#768;nh nhu&#795; &#273;ang bi&#803; "&#273;&#244;&#769;t cha&#769;y" sau ca&#769;c Set t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Rep cao. Ca&#777;m gia&#769;c no&#769;ng ra&#769;t &#273;o&#769; la&#768; do s&#432;&#803; thay &#273;&#244;&#777;i &#273;&#7885;&#770; pH cu&#777;a ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; cu&#777;a ba&#803;n, cu&#768;ng v&#417;&#769;i s&#432;&#803; ti&#769;ch tu&#803; cu&#777;a ca&#769;c ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a kha&#769;c nhu&#795; <em>lactate </em>[64].</p><p>Nhu&#795;ng gi&#768; mie&#770;u ta&#777; &#417;&#777; tre&#770;n chi&#769;nh la&#768; ca&#777;m gia&#769;c cu&#777;a co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; "<em>Metabolic Stress</em>" hay co&#768;n go&#803;i la&#768; "a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a". A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;i&#803;nh bi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#769;n la&#768; nh&#432;&#771;ng thay &#273;&#244;&#777;i trong qua&#769; tri&#768;nh chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng, d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n nh&#432;&#771;ng thay &#273;&#244;&#777;i n&#244;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a trong ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; t&#432;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c [14].</p><p>Chu&#769;ng ta co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a b&#259;&#768;ng ca&#769;ch &#273;o n&#244;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; ch&#226;&#769;t trong ma&#769;u. A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a co&#769; &#273;&#7841;&#774;c tru&#795;ng la&#768; m&#432;&#769;c <em>phosphocreatine </em>th&#226;&#769;p, <em>lactate </em>cao va&#768; pH th&#226;&#769;p [14]. Nh&#432;&#771;ng ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a na&#768;y co&#769; b&#226;&#769;t ky&#768; &#273;&#7841;&#774;c ti&#769;nh &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a na&#768;o kho&#770;ng? M&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a nhu&#795; <em>lactate </em>&#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; co&#769; &#273;&#7841;&#774;c ti&#769;nh &#273;&#244;&#768;ng ho&#769;a, co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ki&#769;ch thi&#769;ch tr&#432;&#803;c ti&#234;&#769;p con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng <em>Myogenic </em>[14]. Nhu&#795;ng m&#7885;&#770;t l&#226;&#768;n n&#432;&#771;a, h&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t ca&#769;c m&#244;&#769;i lie&#770;n h&#7865;&#770; gi&#432;&#771;a ca&#769;c ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a va&#768; s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ti&#768;m th&#226;&#769;y trong ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u tre&#770;n chu&#7885;&#770;t.</p><p>A&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c trao &#273;&#244;&#777;i ch&#226;&#769;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y b&#417;&#777;i h&#7865;&#770; na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng thi&#234;&#769;u khi&#769; (<em>Anaerobic Glycolysis</em>). H&#7865;&#770; th&#244;&#769;ng na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng na&#768;y hoa&#803;t &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng ma&#803;nh nh&#226;&#769;t sau khoa&#777;ng 15 gia&#770;y &#273;&#234;&#769;n i&#769;t ho&#795;n 3 phu&#769;t luy&#7865;&#770;n t&#7841;&#770;p [65]. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch vi&#768; sao hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng "Pump co&#795;" thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng xu&#226;&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n khi chu&#769;ng ta t&#7841;&#770;p &#417;&#777; s&#244;&#769; Rep cao v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; nhe&#803; ho&#795;n la&#768; m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; n&#7841;&#774;ng v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Rep th&#226;&#769;p, b&#417;&#777;i vi&#768; ca&#768;ng nhi&#234;&#768;u Rep ba&#803;n th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c thi&#768; ca&#768;ng ta&#803;o the&#770;m a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c cho h&#7865;&#770; th&#244;&#769;ng na&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng na&#768;y [66].</p><p>Ky&#771; thu&#7841;&#770;t t&#7841;&#770;p (BFR) la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t hi&#768;nh th&#432;&#769;c t&#7841;&#770;p a&#769;p du&#803;ng m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; nhe&#803; v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Rep cao. BFR &#273;a&#771; la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t ky&#771; thu&#7841;&#770;t t&#7841;&#770;p ph&#244;&#777; bi&#234;&#769;n cho nh&#432;&#771;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p th&#234;&#777; hi&#768;nh trong nhi&#234;&#768;u na&#774;m nhu&#795;ng v&#226;&#771;n co&#768;n tu&#795;o&#795;ng &#273;&#244;&#769;i m&#417;&#769;i &#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; &#273;o&#770;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i &#273;i t&#7841;&#770;p. Ky&#771; thu&#7841;&#770;t na&#768;y s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng ca&#769;c vo&#768;ng da&#770;y cu&#244;&#769;n ch&#7841;&#774;t quanh vu&#768;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p c&#226;&#768;n t&#7841;&#770;p, &#273;&#234;&#777; gia&#777;m lu&#795;u lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng ma&#769;u ta&#803;i &#273;o&#769;. Ca&#769;c nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u &#273;a&#771; chi&#777; ra r&#259;&#768;ng BFR la&#768;m ta&#774;ng &#273;a&#769;ng k&#234;&#777; phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p, m&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng tro&#803;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng r&#226;&#769;t nhe&#803; (&lt;40% 1RM) [63]. Phu&#795;o&#795;ng th&#432;&#769;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n na&#768;y du&#795;&#417;&#768;ng nhu&#795; co&#769; hi&#7865;&#770;u qua&#777; t&#432;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c la&#768;m ta&#774;ng ti&#769;ch nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (<em>Cell Swelling</em>) va&#768; s&#432;&#803; m&#7865;&#770;t mo&#777;i do ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a ga&#770;y ra (<em>Metabolite-induced fatigue</em>) [67].</p><p><em><strong>Ta&#774;ng ti&#769;ch nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o (Cell Swelling)</strong></em></p><p><em>Cell Swelling </em>la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t trong nh&#432;&#771;ng ly&#769; do chi&#769;nh giu&#769;p gia&#777;i thi&#769;ch ta&#803;i sao a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a co&#769; th&#234;&#777; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n ga&#770;y phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [14,67]. <em>Cell Swelling </em>la&#768; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng ti&#769;ch nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c trong ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795;, va&#768; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; la&#768;m ta&#774;ng T&#244;&#777;ng h&#417;&#803;p Protein va&#768; gia&#777;m Pha&#770;n gia&#777;i Protein [68]. Ca&#769;c nha&#768; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u pha&#769;t hi&#7865;&#770;n r&#259;&#768;ng, co&#769; s&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c trong ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#795; sau khi t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n, &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y Ca&#770;n b&#259;&#768;ng Protein Du&#795;o&#795;ng [69]. S&#432;&#803; gia ta&#774;ng lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c va&#768; ca&#769;c ch&#226;&#769;t chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a d&#226;&#771;n &#273;&#234;&#769;n gia ta&#774;ng hi&#7865;&#770;n tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng 'ta&#774;ng ti&#769;ch nu&#795;&#417;&#769;c trong t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o' [70]. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c cho la&#768; khi&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng truy&#234;&#768;n ti&#769;n hi&#7865;&#770;u t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c thu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#777;y &#273;&#234;&#777; cu&#777;ng c&#244;&#769; c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c cu&#777;a t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o, nh&#259;&#768;m tra&#769;nh ca&#769;c ta&#769;c ha&#803;i ti&#234;&#768;m ta&#768;ng na&#768;o t&#432;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c le&#770;n ma&#768;ng ngoa&#768;i t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o [68]. Co&#769; ve&#777; la&#768; cu&#771;ng t&#244;&#768;n ta&#803;i m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#777;m bi&#234;&#769;n co&#795; ho&#803;c nhu&#795; <em>Costameres </em>(&#273;a&#771; tha&#777;o lu&#7841;&#770;n tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c &#273;o&#769;) co&#769; th&#234;&#777; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n va&#768;o pha&#777;n &#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#234;&#777; cu&#777;ng c&#244;&#769; c&#226;&#769;u tru&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o [71]. <em>Cell Swelling </em>du&#795;&#417;&#768;ng nhu&#795; cu&#771;ng a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng ti&#769;ch c&#432;&#803;c &#273;&#234;&#769;n ca&#769;c t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o v&#7865;&#770; tinh, &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y r&#226;&#769;t c&#226;&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#777; t&#244;&#769;i &#273;a ho&#769;a phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p [72]. Gi&#244;&#769;ng nhu&#795; t&#244;&#777;n thu&#795;o&#795;ng co&#795;, co&#769; ve&#777; nhu&#795; a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c chuy&#234;&#777;n ho&#769;a cu&#771;ng co&#769; kha&#777; na&#774;ng tham gia va&#768;o qua&#769; tri&#768;nh giu&#769;p ta&#774;ng cu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p.</p><p><strong>6. T&#212;&#777;NG K&#202;&#769;T</strong></p><p>Qua toa&#768;n b&#7885;&#770; nh&#432;&#771;ng tho&#770;ng tin &#417;&#777; phi&#769;a tre&#770;n, co&#769; le&#771; chu&#769;ng ta cu&#771;ng hi&#234;&#777;u ro&#771; s&#432;&#803; pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n cu&#777;a co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p ph&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;p nhu&#795; th&#234;&#769; na&#768;o, va&#768; chu&#769;ng ta cu&#771;ng chu&#795;a th&#234;&#777; hi&#234;&#777;u h&#234;&#769;t mo&#803;i th&#432;&#769; v&#234;&#768; v&#226;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#768; na&#768;y. Tuy nhie&#770;n, co&#769; m&#7885;&#770;t &#273;i&#234;&#768;u duy nh&#226;&#769;t chu&#769;ng ta co&#769; th&#234;&#777; kh&#259;&#777;ng &#273;i&#803;nh, &#273;o&#769; la&#768; mu&#244;&#769;n co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p pha&#769;t tri&#234;&#777;n <strong>ba&#803;n c&#226;&#768;n pha&#777;i &#273;&#234;&#777; co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p chi&#803;u ta&#777;i</strong>, hay no&#769;i ca&#769;ch kha&#769;c la&#768; tra&#777;i qua a&#769;p l&#432;&#803;c t&#432;&#768; &#8220;S&#432;&#769;c ca&#774;ng co&#795; ho&#803;c&#8221; (<em>Mechanical Tension</em>).</p><p>Hy vo&#803;ng ba&#768;i &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; na&#768;y kho&#770;ng khi&#234;&#769;n ba&#803;n qua&#769; b&#244;&#769;i r&#244;&#769;i. T&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; ca&#769;c co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; va&#768; con &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#768;ng t&#234;&#769; ba&#768;o co&#769; th&#234;&#777; go&#769;p ph&#226;&#768;n giu&#769;p phi&#768; &#273;a&#803;i co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p (<em>Hypertrophy</em>) chu&#777; y&#234;&#769;u d&#432;&#803;a tre&#770;n ly&#769; thuy&#234;&#769;t va&#768; v&#226;&#771;n co&#768;n thi&#234;&#769;u b&#259;&#768;ng ch&#432;&#769;ng &#273;&#226;&#768;y &#273;u&#777; &#273;&#234;&#777; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;u&#795;a ra k&#234;&#769;t lu&#7841;&#770;n m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;ch ch&#259;&#769;c ch&#259;&#769;n.</p><blockquote><p><strong>K&#202;&#769;T LU&#7840;&#770;N VA&#768; &#431;&#769;NG DU&#803;NG</strong></p><p>&#272;i&#234;&#768;u quan tro&#803;ng nh&#226;&#769;t c&#226;&#768;n nh&#417;&#769; khi xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p la&#768; T&#7840;&#770;P LUY&#7864;&#770;N KHA&#769;NG L&#431;&#803;C, &#272;&#432;&#768;ng la&#768;m mo&#803;i th&#432;&#769; qua&#769; ph&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;p. Ch&#259;&#769;c ch&#259;&#769;n, ca&#769;c phu&#795;o&#795;ng pha&#769;p t&#7841;&#770;p co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ta&#803;o ra s&#432;&#803; kha&#769;c bi&#7865;&#770;t, nhu&#795;ng &#273;&#432;&#768;ng &#273;&#234;&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng co&#795; ch&#234;&#769; na&#768;y khi&#234;&#769;n ba&#803;n b&#244;&#769;i r&#244;&#769;i va&#768; la&#768;m ph&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;p qua&#769; m&#432;&#769;c qua&#769; tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n cu&#777;a ba&#803;n. N&#234;&#769;u ba&#803;n mu&#244;&#769;n gi&#432;&#771; mo&#803;i th&#432;&#769; &#273;o&#795;n gia&#777;n, ha&#771;y la&#768;m theo na&#774;m quy t&#259;&#769;c va&#768;ng &#273;&#234;&#777; xa&#770;y d&#432;&#803;ng co&#795; b&#259;&#769;p du&#795;&#417;&#769;i &#273;a&#770;y:</p><ul><li><p>T&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n v&#417;&#769;i cu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng &#273;&#7885;&#770; cao (High Intensity): T&#7841;&#770;p &#417;&#777; g&#226;&#768;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng th&#226;&#769;t ba&#803;i (I&#769;t nh&#226;&#769;t 5,6 Rep ca&#769;ch ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng th&#226;&#769;t ba&#803;i), thi&#777;nh thoa&#777;ng &#417;&#777; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; ba&#768;i ha&#771;y cha&#803;m ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng th&#226;&#769;t ba&#803;i.</p></li><li><p>Thi&#234;&#769;t k&#234;&#769; chu&#795;o&#795;ng tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Rep va&#768; M&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; &#273;a da&#803;ng: S&#244;&#769; Rep co&#769; th&#234;&#777; tra&#777;i da&#768;i t&#432;&#768; 4 - 25 Rep, trong pha&#803;m vi 30-85% 1RM.</p></li><li><p>T&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n m&#244;&#771;i nho&#769;m co&#795; v&#417;&#769;i &#273;u&#777; kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng t&#7841;&#770;p (Volume t&#7841;&#770;p): H&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t ph&#226;&#768;n l&#417;&#769;n mo&#803;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i thi&#768; m&#432;&#769;c Volume se&#771; loanh quanh 10 Sets/nho&#769;m co&#795;/tu&#226;&#768;n. &#272;a&#770;y cu&#771;ng la&#768; m&#432;&#769;c Volume ba&#803;n ne&#770;n b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u, va&#768; t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; ti&#234;&#769;p tu&#803;c ti&#768;m ra m&#432;&#769;c Volume phu&#768; h&#417;&#803;p ho&#795;n.</p></li><li><p>L&#432;&#803;a cho&#803;n ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p phu&#768; h&#417;&#803;p v&#417;&#769;i ba&#777;n tha&#770;n: Nhu&#795; phu&#768; h&#417;&#803;p v&#417;&#769;i s&#417;&#777; thi&#769;ch, &#273;&#7885;&#770; linh hoa&#803;t. Ha&#771;y k&#234;&#769;t h&#417;&#803;p ca&#769;c ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;&#234;&#777; t&#226;&#769;n co&#770;ng &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c toa&#768;n b&#7885;&#770; pha&#803;m vi chuy&#234;&#777;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng cu&#777;a nho&#769;m co&#795; &#273;o&#769; (Full ROM).</p></li><li><p>T&#7841;&#770;p m&#244;&#771;i nho&#769;m co&#795; nhi&#234;&#768;u l&#226;&#768;n trong tu&#226;&#768;n: I&#769;t nh&#226;&#769;t 2 l&#226;&#768;n/ tu&#226;&#768;n, va&#768; &#273;o&#770;i khi t&#226;&#768;n su&#226;&#769;t t&#7841;&#770;p cao ho&#795;n se&#771; phu&#768; h&#417;&#803;p v&#417;&#769;i nh&#432;&#771;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p co&#769; kinh nghi&#7865;&#770;m cao ho&#795;n.</p></li></ul></blockquote><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tìm hiểu, Tổng quan về RPE và RIR]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7877; d&#224;ng b&#7855;t g&#7863;p thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; v&#7873; RPE v&#224; RIR &#7903; nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n m&#244;n hay trong c&#225;c gi&#225;o &#225;n c&#417; b&#7843;n. Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u l&#7883;ch s&#7917; ra &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; n&#224;y, c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#225;c]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/tim-hieu-tong-quan-ve-rpe-va-rir</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/tim-hieu-tong-quan-ve-rpe-va-rir</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2023 13:23:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ef4d3fe7-d135-4817-814e-362ed6e252db_1078x628.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>(&#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#224;i vi&#234;t tr&#237;ch t&#7915; t&#7853;p san T3 Digest s&#7889; th&#225;ng 3/2022)</strong></em></p><p>Chu&#769;ng ta thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng d&#234;&#771; da&#768;ng b&#259;&#769;t g&#7841;&#774;p thu&#7841;&#770;t ng&#432;&#771; v&#234;&#768; RPE va&#768; RIR &#417;&#777; nhi&#234;&#768;u ba&#768;i vi&#234;&#769;t chuye&#770;n mo&#770;n hay trong ca&#769;c gia&#769;o a&#769;n co&#795; ba&#777;n. Trong ba&#768;i vi&#234;&#769;t na&#768;y chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; ti&#768;m hi&#234;&#777;u li&#803;ch s&#432;&#777; ra &#273;&#417;&#768;i cu&#777;a thu&#7841;&#770;t ng&#432;&#771; na&#768;y, cu&#771;ng nhu&#795; ca&#769;ch a&#769;p du&#803;ng RPE/RIR va&#768;o trong t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n nhu&#795; th&#234;&#769; na&#768;o.</p><h2><strong>Li&#803;ch s&#432;&#777; ra &#273;&#417;&#768;i</strong></h2><p>Thu&#7841;&#770;t ng&#432;&#771; <strong>RPE</strong> (<strong>Rating of Perceived exertion</strong> - &#272;a&#769;nh gia&#769; ca&#777;m nh&#7841;&#770;n v&#234;&#768; s&#432;&#803; c&#244;&#769; g&#259;&#769;ng) &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ra &#273;&#417;&#768;i va&#768;o na&#774;m 1970 b&#417;&#777;i &#8220;Gunnar Borg&#8221; (1), ban &#273;&#226;&#768;u o&#770;ng ta&#803;o ra thang &#273;o RPE &#273;&#234;&#777; phu&#803;c vu&#803; cho ca&#769;c ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p s&#432;&#769;c b&#234;&#768;n (<strong>Aerobic Exercise</strong>). Thang &#273;o na&#768;y chi&#777; co&#769; thang &#273;i&#234;&#777;m t&#432;&#768; 6-20 (co&#768;n go&#803;i la&#768; &#8220;Borg 6-20 Scale&#8221;) &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p x&#234;&#769;p ha&#803;ng tu&#795;o&#795;ng &#432;&#769;ng v&#417;&#769;i nhi&#803;p tim cu&#777;a ca&#769;c v&#7841;&#770;n &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng vie&#770;n mo&#770;n cha&#803;y. Vi&#769; du&#803;, n&#234;&#769;u x&#234;&#769;p ha&#803;ng RPE &#417;&#777; m&#432;&#769;c 6 thi&#768; se&#771; tu&#795;o&#795;ng &#432;&#769;ng v&#417;&#769;i nhi&#803;p tim la&#768; 60 nhip/phu&#769;t, tu&#795;o&#795;ng t&#432;&#803; n&#234;&#769;u RPE la&#768; 20 thi&#768; &#432;&#769;ng v&#417;&#769;i nhi&#803;p tim 200 nhi&#803;p/phu&#769;t. M&#244;&#769;c nhi&#803;p tim t&#432;&#768; 60 &#273;&#234;&#769;n 200 nhi&#803;p/phu&#769;t &#273;a&#803;i di&#7865;&#770;n cho m&#7885;&#770;t da&#777;i nhi&#803;p tim ti&#769;nh t&#432;&#768; tra&#803;ng tha&#769;i nghi&#777; ngo&#795;i &#273;&#234;&#769;n m&#244;&#769;c nhi&#803;p tim t&#244;&#769;i &#273;a. Do &#273;o&#769;, ban &#273;&#226;&#768;u thang &#273;o RPE &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c tao ra &#273;&#234;&#777; &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; &#8220;N&#244;&#771; l&#432;&#803;c&#8221; trong ca&#769;c ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p s&#432;&#769;c b&#234;&#768;n.</p><p>Sau &#273;o&#769;, va&#768;o na&#774;m 1982 thi&#768; Borg ru&#769;t go&#803;n thang &#273;o RPE xu&#244;&#769;ng v&#417;&#769;i tha&#769;ng &#273;i&#234;&#777;m t&#432;&#768; 0-10 (2). Ca&#777; 2 ki&#234;&#777;u thang &#273;o RPE na&#768;y v&#226;&#771;n chi&#777; da&#768;nh cho ca&#769;c b&#7885;&#770; mo&#770;n v&#234;&#768; s&#432;&#769;c b&#234;&#768;n, va&#768; giu&#769;p &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; c&#244;&#769; g&#259;&#769;ng v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c m&#244;&#769;c &#8220;Light&#8221; (Nhe&#803;), &#8220;Moderate&#8221; (V&#432;&#768;a) va&#768; &#8220;Heavy&#8221; (N&#7841;&#774;ng) Effort. Cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; mie&#770;u ta&#777; 2 loa&#803;i thang &#273;o RPE xem &#417;&#777; ba&#777;ng 1 va&#768; ba&#768;ng 2.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png" width="722" height="883.6565934065934" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1782,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:722,&quot;bytes&quot;:292407,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWZG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9263eb4-2c9c-49d1-9162-311641e49bf9_1492x1826.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Va&#768;o na&#774;m 2012, thang &#273;o RPE cu&#777;a Borg &#273;a&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c Hackett va&#768; ca&#769;c &#273;&#244;&#768;ng nghi&#7865;&#770;p s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng trong nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cu&#777;a mi&#768;nh (3), ca&#769;c v&#273;v Bodybuilder se&#771; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n 5 Sets t&#7841;&#770;p Squat ta&#803;i 70% 1RM t&#417;&#769;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure, sau 10 Reps m&#244;&#771;i Set ca&#769;c v&#273;v se&#771; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c t&#432;&#803; &#273;a&#769;nh gia&#769; n&#244;&#771; l&#432;&#803;c th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p theo thang &#273;o Borg RPE (M&#432;&#769;c n&#244;&#771; l&#432;&#803;c nhe&#803;, v&#432;&#768;a ho&#7841;&#774;c n&#7841;&#774;ng), va&#768; t&#432;&#803; ghi la&#803;i s&#244;&#769; Rep ho&#803; ca&#777;m th&#226;&#769;y co&#768;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n ti&#234;&#769;p tu&#803;c &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c, sau &#273;o&#769; ti&#234;&#769;p tu&#803;c t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;&#234;&#769;n m&#432;&#769;c ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure. V&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;ch &#273;o &#273;a&#803;c na&#768;y thi&#768; s&#244;&#769; Rep ho&#803; u&#795;&#417;&#769;c lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng co&#768;n th&#234;&#777; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c khi &#273;&#234;&#769;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure kha&#769; chi&#769;nh xa&#769;c, tuy nhie&#770;n m&#432;&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770; c&#244;&#769; g&#259;&#769;ng ti&#769;nh theo thang &#273;o Borg RPE la&#803;i kho&#770;ng chi&#769;nh xa&#769;c l&#259;&#769;m, ca&#769;c v&#273;v h&#226;&#768;u h&#234;&#769;t cho&#803;n m&#432;&#769;c c&#244;&#769; g&#259;&#769;ng chi&#777; la&#768; &#8220;Moderate Effort&#8221; (M&#432;&#769;c v&#432;&#768;a) m&#7841;&#774;c du&#768; ho&#803; t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;&#234;&#769;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure. Do &#273;o&#769; ta co&#769; th&#234;&#777; th&#226;&#769;y vi&#7865;&#770;c a&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o Borg RPE &#417;&#777; th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m na&#768;y co&#768;n kha&#769; ha&#803;n ch&#234;&#769; khi a&#769;p du&#803;ng va&#768;o vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p kha&#769;ng l&#432;&#803;c.</p><p>Va&#768;o na&#774;m 2008 (4), Mike Tuchscherer xu&#226;&#769;t ba&#777;n cu&#244;&#769;n sa&#769;ch v&#234;&#768; h&#7865;&#770; th&#244;&#769;ng t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n co&#769; te&#770;n &#8220;Reactive Training System&#8221; va&#768; o&#770;ng &#273;a&#771; ta&#803;o ra y&#769; tu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng v&#234;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng chi&#777; s&#244;&#769; RIR (RIR vi&#234;&#769;t t&#259;&#769;t cu&#777;a &#8220;Rep in Reserve&#8221; - Co&#769; nghi&#771;a la&#768; s&#244;&#769; Rep co&#768;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#273;&#234;&#769;n khi kho&#770;ng ti&#234;&#769;p tu&#803;c na&#770;ng &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c the&#770;m n&#432;&#771;a) &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p mie&#770;u ta&#777; chi&#777; s&#244;&#769; RPE. Sau &#273;o&#769; va&#768;o na&#774;m 2016 (5), Michael C Zourdos cu&#768;ng ca&#769;c &#273;&#244;&#768;ng nghi&#7865;&#770;p &#273;a&#771; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o nh&#432;&#771;ng y&#769; tu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c &#273;o&#769; cu&#777;a Hackett va&#768; Mike Tuchscherer &#273;e&#770; ta&#803;o ra thang &#273;o &#8220;RPE d&#432;&#803;a tre&#770;n chi&#777; s&#244;&#769; RIR&#8221; (Ba&#777;ng 3).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic" width="672" height="650.5116279069767" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1332,&quot;width&quot;:1376,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:672,&quot;bytes&quot;:72230,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQlF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf1c325a-4cd3-4e5f-8cf9-0280f892be7c.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>A&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE va&#768;o t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n</strong></h2><p>Tru&#795;&#417;&#769;c khi b&#259;&#769;t &#273;&#226;&#768;u va&#768;o ca&#769;c mu&#803;c nho&#777; no&#769;i v&#234;&#768; ca&#769;ch a&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE trong ca&#769;c tru&#795;&#417;&#768;ng h&#417;&#803;p cu&#803; th&#234;&#777;, mo&#803;i ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i ne&#770;n nh&#417;&#769; r&#259;&#768;ng RPE chi&#777; la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t co&#770;ng cu&#803; &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p chu&#769;ng ta co&#769; th&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh (Autoregulation) m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; hay s&#432;&#803; c&#244;&#769; g&#259;&#769;ng cu&#777;a ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p (7), &#273;a&#771; co&#769; m&#7885;&#770;t s&#244;&#769; nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u chi&#777; ra r&#259;&#768;ng vi&#7865;&#770;c a&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE/RIR cho vi&#7865;&#770;c xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; trong th&#417;&#768;i gian da&#768;i se&#771; giu&#769;p t&#244;&#769;i u&#795;u ho&#769;a s&#432;&#769;c ma&#803;nh ho&#795;n la&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o vi&#7865;&#770;c ti&#769;nh % m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; m&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;ch c&#432;&#769;ng nh&#259;&#769;c (8) (9).</p><h3><strong>Ti&#769;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o RPE</strong></h3><p>M&#7885;&#770;t ca&#769;ch a&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE ph&#244;&#777; bi&#234;&#769;n nh&#226;&#769;t &#273;o&#769; la&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c du&#768;ng no&#769; &#273;&#234;&#777; thay th&#234;&#769; vi&#7865;&#770;c ti&#769;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o % 1RM. Vi&#769; du&#803;, thay vi&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p &#8220;4 Sets x 8 Reps ta&#803;i m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; 70%&#8221; thi&#768; ta co&#769; th&#234;&#777; thay th&#234;&#769; b&#259;&#768;ng &#8220;4 Sets x 8 Reps ta&#803;i 6- 8RPE&#8221;. &#272;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y co&#769; nghi&#771;a la&#768; ba&#803;n se&#771; t&#432;&#803; l&#432;&#803;a cho&#803;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; ro&#795;i va&#768;o khoa&#777;ng RPE t&#432;&#768; 6-8. L&#417;&#803;i i&#769;ch cu&#777;a vi&#7865;&#770;c na&#768;y la&#768; ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#803; ta&#774;ng ho&#7841;&#774;c gia&#777;m m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o th&#234;&#777; tra&#803;ng s&#432;&#769;c ma&#803;nh ta&#803;i th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m &#273;o&#769;, ta&#803;i vi&#768; co&#769; r&#226;&#769;t nhi&#234;&#768;u y&#234;&#769;u t&#244;&#769; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ta&#769;c &#273;&#7885;&#770;ng, a&#777;nh hu&#795;&#417;&#777;ng &#273;&#234;&#769;n s&#432;&#769;c ma&#803;nh ta&#803;i m&#7885;&#770;t th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m b&#226;&#769;t ky&#768; nhu&#795; &#8220;Gi&#226;&#769;c ngu&#777; ke&#769;m&#8221;, &#8220;Ba&#803;n &#273;ang bi&#803; lo a&#770;u&#8221; hay la&#768; &#8220;Ba&#803;n pha&#777;i thay &#273;&#244;&#777;i li&#803;ch tri&#768;nh na&#768;o &#273;o&#769; &#273;&#7885;&#770;t xu&#226;&#769;t&#8221;,... Theo ca&#769;ch na&#768;y, vi&#7865;&#770;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE co&#769; th&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n cho&#803;n/t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; n&#7841;&#774;ng ho&#795;n, n&#234;&#769;u nhu&#795; ho&#770;m &#273;o&#769; ba&#803;n ca&#777;m th&#226;&#769;y ta&#770;m tra&#803;ng t&#244;&#769;t ho&#795;n mo&#803;i khi. Tre&#770;n th&#432;&#803;c t&#234;&#769; thi&#768; 2 nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u cu&#777;a &#8220;Helms et al 2018&#8221; (8) va&#768; &#8220;Graham and Cleather 2021&#8221; (9) &#273;a&#771; chi&#777; ra r&#259;&#768;ng vi&#7865;&#770;c l&#432;&#803;a cho&#803;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o thang &#273;o RPE se&#771; giu&#769;p ca&#769;c &#273;&#244;&#769;i tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng trong nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u t&#7841;&#770;p n&#7841;&#774;ng ho&#795;n m&#432;&#769;c bi&#768;nh thu&#795;&#417;&#768;ng, t&#432;&#768; &#273;o&#769; giu&#769;p gia ta&#774;ng &#273;a&#769;ng k&#234;&#777; m&#432;&#769;c 1RM &#417;&#777; ca&#769;c ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p Compound.</p><p>Ngoa&#768;i ra, S&#244;&#769; Rep th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ta&#803;i m&#7885;&#770;t m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; (Intensity) b&#226;&#769;t ky&#768; se&#771; phu&#803; thu&#7885;&#770;c nhi&#234;&#768;u va&#768;o m&#244;&#771;i ca&#769; nha&#770;n. Hai nghie&#770;n c&#432;&#769;u g&#226;&#768;n &#273;a&#770;y khi cho ca&#769;c &#273;&#244;&#769;i tu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng Squat v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; 70% 1RM &#273;&#234;&#769;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure &#273;a&#771; cho th&#226;&#769;y da&#777;i Rep th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c la&#768; r&#226;&#769;t r&#7885;&#770;ng, va&#768; kha&#769;c nhau : T&#432;&#768; 6-28 Rep (Trung bi&#768;nh 16 &#177; 4) (10) va&#768; t&#432;&#768; 6-26 Rep (Trung bi&#768;nh 14 &#177; 4) (11). Do &#273;o&#769; vi&#7865;&#770;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE thay th&#234;&#769; cho vi&#7865;&#770;c du&#768;ng %1RM &#273;&#234;&#777; ti&#769;nh s&#244;&#769; Rep t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c co&#769; ve&#777; giu&#769;p ngu&#795;&#417;&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p ca&#769; nha&#770;n ho&#769;a gia&#769;o a&#769;n ho&#795;n. K&#234;&#777; ca&#777; n&#234;&#769;u ba&#803;n u&#795;a thi&#769;ch s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng %1RM &#273;&#234;&#777; ti&#769;nh toa&#769;n gia&#769;o a&#769;n thi&#768; cu&#771;ng ne&#770;n s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE trong va&#768;i tu&#226;&#768;n &#273;&#226;&#768;u, &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y se&#771; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n ti&#768;m ki&#234;&#769;m &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c m&#432;&#769;c Rep ma&#768; ba&#777;n tha&#770;n mi&#768;nh ho&#7841;&#774;c kha&#769;ch ha&#768;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ta&#803;i m&#244;&#769;c %1RM cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; na&#768;o &#273;o&#769;.</p><p>Chu&#769;ng ta xem ba&#777;ng 4 &#273;&#234;&#777; co&#769; hi&#768;nh dung v&#234;&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t gia&#769;o a&#769;n ti&#769;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o thang &#273;o RPE. Ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; th&#226;&#769;y v&#417;&#769;i m&#244;&#771;i tu&#226;&#768;n sau &#273;o&#769; thi&#768; s&#244;&#769; Rep t&#7841;&#770;p se&#771; gia&#777;m &#273;&#244;&#768;ng th&#417;&#768;i m&#432;&#769;c RPE se&#771; ta&#774;ng le&#770;n, hi&#234;&#777;u &#273;o&#795;n gia&#777;n thi&#768; gia&#769;o a&#769;n na&#768;y thi&#234;&#769;t k&#234;&#769; &#273;&#234;&#777; Volume gia&#777;m va&#768; Intensity ta&#774;ng theo m&#244;&#771;i tu&#226;&#768;n. N&#234;&#769;u a&#769;p du&#803;ng ti&#769;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; theo ca&#769;ch na&#768;y, &#273;&#244;&#769;i v&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;c ba&#768;i h&#244;&#771; tr&#417;&#803; (Assistance Work) ne&#770;n &#273;&#234;&#777; s&#244;&#769; Rep cao ho&#795;n va&#768; gi&#432;&#771; nguye&#770;n m&#432;&#769;c RPE, &#273;i&#234;&#768;u na&#768;y se&#771; giu&#769;p cho vi&#7865;&#770;c &#417;&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng tu&#226;&#768;n cu&#244;&#769;i, nhu&#795;ng ba&#768;i na&#768;y se&#771; kho&#770;ng pha&#777;i t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Rep qua&#769; i&#769;t (Nhu&#795; 3 Rep ho&#7841;&#774;c 1 Rep).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic" width="700" height="347.59450171821305" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:578,&quot;width&quot;:1164,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:700,&quot;bytes&quot;:54895,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5-g!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f6329ae-5a8f-49b8-a4bc-1b7d542582eb.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7885;&#770;t v&#226;&#769;n &#273;&#234;&#768; ti&#234;&#769;p theo n&#234;&#769;u nhu&#795; a&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE va&#768;o vi&#7865;&#770;c cho&#803;n l&#432;&#803;a m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; trong gia&#769;o a&#769;n, &#273;o&#769; la&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c n&#234;&#769;u nhu&#795; m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; ba&#803;n cho&#803;n kho&#770;ng &#8220;kh&#417;&#769;p&#8221; v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c RPE lu&#769;c &#273;&#226;&#768;u &#273;&#7841;&#774;t ra, thi&#768; ba&#803;n se&#771; pha&#777;i t&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh ta&#774;ng ho&#7841;&#774;c gia&#777;m m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; &#273;o&#769;. D&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o ba&#777;ng &#8220;T&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;&#8221; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c thi&#234;&#769;t k&#234;&#769; b&#417;&#777;i Dr. Helms (Ba&#777;ng 5), ba&#803;n se&#771; co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ti&#769;nh toa&#769;n &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; &#417;&#777; hi&#7865;&#770;p t&#7841;&#770;p ti&#234;&#769;p theo d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o m&#432;&#769;c RPE &#273;a&#803;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c &#417;&#777; hi&#7865;&#770;p &#273;&#226;&#768;u tie&#770;n. T&#226;&#769;t nhie&#770;n ba&#803;n kho&#770;ng nh&#226;&#769;t thi&#234;&#769;t pha&#777;i a&#769;p du&#803;ng 100% vi&#7865;&#770;c ti&#769;nh toa&#769;n nhu&#795; &#417;&#777; ba&#777;ng 5, nhu&#795;ng d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o ba&#777;ng hu&#795;&#417;&#769;ng d&#226;&#771;n na&#768;y ba&#803;n se&#771; d&#234;&#771; da&#768;ng ti&#768;m ra &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; h&#417;&#803;p ly&#769; ho&#795;n. V&#417;&#769;i m&#244;&#771;i &#8220;0.5 RPE&#8221; vu&#795;&#417;&#803;t ra ngoa&#768;i d&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#803;nh cu&#777;a ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p, ba&#803;n se&#771; ta&#774;ng ho&#7841;&#774;c gia&#777;m the&#770;m 2% m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; &#273;o&#769;.</p><p>Lu&#795;u y&#769;, khi a&#769;p du&#803;ng thang &#273;o RPE va&#768;o gia&#769;o a&#769;n, ba&#803;n ne&#770;n &#273;&#7841;&#774;t theo 1 da&#777;i Range (Vi&#769; du&#803; RPE : 5-7) ch&#432;&#769; kho&#770;ng ne&#770;n a&#769;p du&#803;ng 1 m&#244;&#769;c RPE cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; na&#768;o &#273;o&#769; (Vi&#769; du&#803; RPE : 7), vi&#7865;&#770;c na&#768;y se&#771; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n kho&#770;ng pha&#777;i &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; sau m&#244;&#771;i Set t&#7841;&#770;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic" width="666" height="821.3637846655791" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1512,&quot;width&quot;:1226,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:666,&quot;bytes&quot;:81156,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qmn2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffda659f9-0dc8-43b7-884a-569ccd65c5ba.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>T&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh Volume t&#7841;&#770;p d&#432;&#803;a theo RPE (RPE Stop)</strong></h3><p>Vi&#7865;&#770;c &#432;&#769;ng du&#803;ng RPE &#273;&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh Volume t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c go&#803;i v&#417;&#769;i thu&#7841;&#770;t ng&#432;&#771; la&#768; &#8220;RPE Stop&#8221;. RPE Stop co&#769; th&#234;&#777; &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng theo 2 ca&#769;ch :</p><p>1.&#272;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh s&#244;&#769; Rep t&#7841;&#770;p trong m&#7885;&#770;t Set.<br>2.&#272;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh s&#244;&#769; Set t&#7841;&#770;p trong m&#7885;&#770;t ba&#768;i cu&#803; th&#234;&#777;, trong m&#7885;&#770;t bu&#244;&#777;i t&#7841;&#770;p.</p><p>V&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;ch du&#768;ng th&#432;&#769; nh&#226;&#769;t, ba&#803;n se&#771; cho&#803;n m&#7885;&#770;t m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; ho&#7841;&#774;c m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; ti&#769;nh theo %1RM cu&#803; th&#234;&#777; na&#768;o &#273;o&#769; cho m&#7885;&#770;t ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p, sau &#273;o&#769; ba&#803;n se&#771; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n t&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; ca&#769;c set cu&#777;a ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;o&#769; v&#417;&#769;i m&#244;&#769;c RPE &#273;a&#771; xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh s&#259;&#771;n. Vi&#769; du&#803; : Bench Press t&#7841;&#770;p 3 sets x 100kg @RPE 8, ba&#803;n se&#771; t&#7841;&#770;p m&#244;&#771;i hi&#7865;&#770;p Bench Press v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Rep cha&#803;m ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng RPE 8 (Ca&#769;ch ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure 2 Rep), co&#769; th&#234;&#777; 3 Set v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Rep l&#226;&#768;n lu&#795;&#417;&#803;t la&#768; Set &#273;&#226;&#768;u 8 Rep, Set 2 v&#417;&#769;i 7 Rep va&#768; Set 3 v&#417;&#769;i 6 Rep. L&#417;&#768;i khuye&#770;n, n&#234;&#769;u ba&#803;n mu&#244;&#769;n t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i Volume cao thi&#768; ne&#770;n du&#768;ng ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng RPE la&#768; 7-8, n&#234;&#769;u ba&#803;n mu&#244;&#769;n t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i Volume th&#226;&#769;p Intensity cao (Vi&#769; du&#803; t&#7841;&#770;p 2-4 Reps v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; 85-90% 1RM) thi&#768; ne&#770;n t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i RPE quanh m&#244;&#769;c 9.</p><p>V&#417;&#769;i ca&#769;ch du&#768;ng th&#432;&#769; hai v&#417;&#769;i RPE Stop, chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; cho&#803;n s&#259;&#771;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; (Vi&#769; du&#803; 70% 1RM), cho&#803;n s&#259;&#771;n s&#244;&#769; Rep th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n m&#244;&#771;i Set (Vi&#769; du&#803; 8 Rep cho m&#244;&#771;i Set t&#7841;&#770;p) va&#768; cho&#803;n s&#259;&#771;n m&#244;&#769;c RPE mu&#244;&#769;n t&#7841;&#770;p (Vi&#769; du&#803; RPE 8), ta se&#771; &#273;&#234;&#777; ngo&#777; s&#244;&#769; lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng Set t&#7841;&#770;p. Sau &#273;o&#769; chu&#769;ng ta se&#771; t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i s&#244;&#769; Set nhi&#234;&#768;u nh&#226;&#769;t co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ma&#768; m&#244;&#771;i Set t&#7841;&#770;p khi k&#234;&#769;t thu&#769;c v&#226;&#771;n gi&#432;&#771; trong m&#432;&#769;c RPE 8. (Vi&#769; du&#803; ba&#803;n t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;&#234;&#769;n Set th&#432;&#769; 4, va&#768; khi k&#234;&#769;t thu&#769;c set na&#768;y, m&#432;&#769;c RPE ba&#803;n u&#795;&#417;&#769;c ti&#769;nh la&#768; 9 thi&#768; ba&#803;n se&#771; d&#432;&#768;ng la&#803;i, v&#7841;&#770;y t&#244;&#777;ng s&#244;&#769; Set t&#7841;&#770;p &#417;&#777; ba&#768;i &#273;o&#769; la&#768; 4 set). Va&#768; t&#226;&#769;t nhie&#770;n, &#273;&#234;&#777; tra&#769;nh ti&#768;nh tra&#803;ng Volume t&#7841;&#770;p bi&#803; &#273;&#226;&#777;y le&#770;n qua&#769; cao (T&#7841;&#770;p Volume qua&#769; cao se&#771; kho&#770;ng t&#244;&#769;t cho vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng co&#795;) thi&#768; s&#244;&#769; Set t&#7841;&#770;p cho ca&#769;c ba&#768;i Compound ne&#770;n la&#768; 5 ho&#7841;&#774;c 6 Sets t&#7841;&#770;p (N&#234;&#769;u vu&#795;&#417;&#803;t qua&#769; 5 Set thi&#768; ba&#803;n ne&#770;n ca&#770;n nh&#259;&#769;c ta&#774;ng m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;).</p><p>Vi&#7865;&#770;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng RPE Stop co&#769; m&#7841;&#774;t l&#417;&#803;i th&#234;&#769; ho&#795;n v&#234;&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c ta&#774;ng ti&#234;&#769;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803;. Vi&#769; du&#803;, &#417;&#777; ca&#769;ch du&#768;ng s&#244;&#769; 1, n&#234;&#769;u mu&#803;c tie&#770;u la&#768; Volume t&#7841;&#770;p, ba&#803;n chi&#777; c&#226;&#768;n gi&#432;&#771; nguye&#770;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; trong va&#768;i tu&#226;&#768;n va&#768; c&#244;&#769; g&#259;&#769;ng t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c nhi&#234;&#768;u Reps ho&#795;n, khi na&#768;o ba&#803;n &#273;a&#803;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c s&#244;&#769; Rep mong mu&#244;&#769;n cho t&#226;&#769;t ca&#777; Set t&#7841;&#770;p (Vi&#769; du&#803; ba&#803;n mong mu&#244;&#769;n &#273;a&#803;t 100kg x 4 set x 12 rep v&#417;&#769;i RPE 6-8) thi&#768; ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; na&#770;ng m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; le&#770;n. V&#417;&#769;i cu&#768;ng du&#768;ng s&#244;&#769; 2, vi&#769; du&#803; n&#234;&#769;u mu&#803;c tie&#770;u cu&#777;a ba&#803;n la&#768; 5 sets x 8 Rep t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i RPE 8, &#273;&#234;&#769;n khi na&#768;o ba&#803;n &#273;a&#803;t &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c mu&#803;c tie&#770;u trong ca&#777; 5 Sets, ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ta&#774;ng ta&#803;. (Ba&#777;ng 6)</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic" width="678" height="526.4855305466237" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:966,&quot;width&quot;:1244,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:678,&quot;bytes&quot;:109837,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3UMC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9668d26-dc57-4c26-925e-efc9f63beea7.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngoa&#768;i ra, ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; a&#769;p du&#803;ng RPE Stop cho 2. phu&#795;o&#795;ng pha&#769;p la&#768; &#8220;Total Reps&#8221; va&#768; &#8220;Rest-Pause&#8221;. V&#417;&#769;i &#8220;Total Reps&#8221;, ba&#803;n se&#771; cho&#803;n m&#7885;&#770;t m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; sau &#273;o&#769; cho&#803;n t&#244;&#777;ng s&#244;&#769; Rep mu&#244;&#769;n th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n d&#432;&#803;a tre&#770;n RPE mong mu&#244;&#769;n, vi&#769; du&#803; : Ba&#803;n cho&#803;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; 12RM cho ba&#768;i Dumbbell Bench Press la&#768; khoa&#777;ng 30kg, cho&#803;n t&#244;&#777;ng s&#244;&#769; Rep t&#7841;&#770;p mong mu&#244;&#769;n trong bu&#244;&#777;i &#273;o&#769; la&#768; 35 Rep, m&#432;&#769;c RPE mong mu&#244;&#769;n la&#768; 8-9 RPE, sau &#273;o&#769; ba&#803;n th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n m&#244;&#771;i Set sao cho v&#432;&#768;a v&#417;&#769;i tie&#770;u chi&#769; v&#432;&#768;a &#273;&#7841;&#774;t ra. Vi&#769; du&#803; trong tu&#226;&#768;n &#273;&#226;&#768;u ba&#803;n pha&#777;i m&#226;&#769;t 5 Sets &#273;&#234;&#777; th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n &#273;u&#777; 35 Reps, nhu&#795;ng &#417;&#777; ca&#769;c tu&#226;&#768;n sau s&#244;&#769; Set se&#771; gia&#777;m &#273;i, khi na&#768;o ba&#803;n hoa&#768;n tha&#768;nh 35 Reps t&#7841;&#770;p v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; 40kg &#273;o&#769; trong 3 Set thi&#768; ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; na&#770;ng m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; le&#770;n &#417;&#777; nh&#432;&#771;ng bu&#244;&#777;i sau. (Ba&#777;ng 7)</p><p>V&#417;&#769;i phu&#795;o&#795;ng pha&#769;p &#8220;Rest Pause&#8221;, vi&#7865;&#770;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng RPE se&#771; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n tra&#769;nh &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c ti&#768;nh tra&#803;ng m&#244;&#771;i &#8220;Mini Set&#8221; &#273;&#234;&#768;u t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;&#234;&#769;n ngu&#795;&#417;&#771;ng Failure, vi&#7865;&#770;c na&#768;y se&#771; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n gia&#777;m ta&#777;i ti&#768;nh tra&#803;ng Fatigue t&#244;&#769;t ho&#795;n (13).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic" width="654" height="412.1360946745562" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:852,&quot;width&quot;:1352,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:654,&quot;bytes&quot;:82959,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH5Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14c4f956-a3fa-45da-87d3-17a8ba325974.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Theo do&#771;i s&#432;&#803; ti&#234;&#769;n b&#7885;&#770; va&#768; pha&#769;n &#273;oa&#769;n 1RM d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o RPE</strong></h3><p>RPE la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t co&#770;ng cu&#803; r&#226;&#769;t t&#244;&#769;t &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p ba&#803;n theo do&#771;i s&#432;&#803; ti&#234;&#769;n b&#7885;&#770; va&#768; vi&#7865;&#770;c ti&#769;ch lu&#771;y Fatigue trong t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n qua ca&#769;c tu&#226;&#768;n ho&#7841;&#774;c qua ca&#769;c Block t&#7841;&#770;p. Vi&#769; du&#803; nhu&#795; vi&#7865;&#770;c ba&#803;n t&#7841;&#770;p Squat v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; 175kg trong tu&#226;&#768;n &#273;&#226;&#768;u v&#417;&#769;i RPE 9, sau &#273;o&#769; 8 tu&#226;&#768;n ba&#803;n chi&#777; t&#7841;&#770;p m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; &#273;o&#769; nh&#432;&#771;ng v&#417;&#769;i RPE la&#768; 5. Ba&#803;n hoa&#768;n toa&#768;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; th&#226;&#769;y ro&#771; s&#432;&#803; ti&#234;&#769;n b&#7885;&#770; trong khi kho&#770;ng c&#226;&#768;n pha&#777;i th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n vi&#7865;&#770;c test 1RM, va&#768; d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o RPE ba&#803;n se&#771; bi&#234;&#769;t lu&#769;c na&#768;o ne&#770;n th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n Deload.</p><p>V&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c theo do&#771;i vi&#7865;&#770;c luy&#7865;&#770;n t&#7841;&#770;p d&#432;&#803;a va&#768;o thang &#273;o RPE, ba&#803;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; a&#769;p du&#803;ng ca&#769;ch ti&#769;nh &#273;o&#795;n gia&#777;n sau &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p ti&#769;nh toa&#769;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; cho vi&#7865;&#770;c t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n, &#273;o&#769; la&#768; v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c RPE ca&#768;ng th&#226;&#769;p, ba&#803;n se&#771; ca&#768;ng co&#769; th&#234;&#777; ta&#774;ng nhi&#234;&#768;u ta&#803; ho&#795;n. Vi&#769; du&#803;, n&#234;&#769;u ba&#803;n th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n ba&#768;i Bench Press v&#417;&#769;i 100kg cho 3 Sets x 10 Reps trung bi&#768;nh va&#768;o khoa&#777;ng RPE 9, khi na&#768;o ba&#803;n th&#432;&#803;c hi&#7865;&#770;n ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p &#273;o&#769; v&#417;&#769;i m&#432;&#769;c RPE 7-8 thi&#768; co&#769; nghi&#771;a la&#768; &#273;&#234;&#769;n th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m ba&#803;n ne&#770;n ta&#774;ng the&#770;m ta&#803; ho&#7841;&#774;c ta&#774;ng the&#770;m s&#244;&#769; Set t&#7841;&#770;p. (Ba&#777;ng 8)</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic" width="1456" height="1076" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1076,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:139409,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WKsj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52c79a10-b79b-4ef3-bc54-ffd9b7a513ea.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>T&#212;&#777;NG K&#202;&#769;T VA&#768; &#431;&#769;NG DU&#803;NG</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Thang &#273;o RPE chi&#777; la&#768; m&#7885;&#770;t trong nhi&#234;&#768;u co&#770;ng cu&#803; giu&#769;p chu&#769;ng ta t&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh gia&#769;o tri&#768;nh t&#7841;&#770;p (Autoregulation). Vi&#7865;&#770;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng co&#770;ng cu&#803; RPE co&#769; th&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng/&#273;&#7885;&#770; n&#7841;&#774;ng ba&#768;i t&#7841;&#770;p ta&#803;i th&#417;&#768;i &#273;i&#234;&#777;m ta t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n, &#273;a&#770;y la&#768; l&#417;&#803;i th&#234;&#769; cu&#777;a co&#770;ng cu&#803; RPE so v&#417;&#769;i vi&#7865;&#770;c ti&#769;nh toa&#769;n m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; d&#432;&#803;a theo %1RM.</p></li><li><p>Co&#770;ng cu&#803; RPE &#273;u&#795;&#417;&#803;c s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng ph&#244;&#777; bi&#234;&#769;n nh&#226;&#769;t la&#768; &#273;&#234;&#777; giu&#769;p xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh m&#432;&#769;c ta&#803; (Vi&#769; du&#803; : 3 Sets x 5 Rep ta&#803;i 7-9RPE). Ngoa&#768;i ra, no&#769; co&#768;n co&#769; th&#234;&#777; s&#432;&#777; du&#803;ng &#273;&#234;&#777; t&#432;&#803; &#273;i&#234;&#768;u chi&#777;nh kh&#244;&#769;i lu&#795;&#417;&#803;ng Volume t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n (Nh&#417;&#768; va&#768;o co&#770;ng cu&#803; RPE Stops), cu&#771;ng nhu&#795; theo do&#771;i/xa&#769;c &#273;i&#803;nh s&#432;&#803; ti&#234;&#769;n b&#7885;&#770; trong t&#7841;&#770;p luy&#7865;&#770;n.</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>TU&#795; LI&#7864;&#770;U THAM KHA&#777;O</strong></p><ol><li><p>Borg G. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=5523831">Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress</a>. Scand j rehabil med. 1970;2:92-8.</p></li><li><p>Borg GA. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7154893">Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion</a>. Med sci sports exerc. 1982 Jan 1;14(5):377-81.</p></li><li><p>Hackett DA, Johnson NA, Halaki M, Chow CM<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22873691">. A novel scale to assess resistance-exercise effort</a>. Journal of sports sciences. 2012 Sep 1;30(13):1405-13.</p></li><li><p>Tuchscherer M. The Reactive Training Manual: Developing your own custom training program for powerlifting. Reactive Training Systems. 2008;15.</p></li><li><p>Zourdos MC, Klemp A, Dolan C, Quiles JM, Schau KA, Jo E, Helms E, Esgro B, Duncan S, Merino SG, Blanco R. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26049792">Novel resistance training&#8211;specific rating of perceived exertion scale measuring repetitions in reserve</a>. The Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research. 2016 Jan 1;30(1):267-75.</p></li><li><p>Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, Gottschall L, Hrovatin LA, Parker S, Doleshal P, Dodge C. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11708692">A new approach to monitoring exercise training</a>. The Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research. 2001 Feb 1;15(1):109-15.</p></li><li><p>Ormsbee MJ, Carzoli JP, Klemp A, Allman BR, Zourdos MC, Kim JS, Panton LB. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=28301439">Efficacy of the repetitions in reserve-based rating of perceived exertion for the bench press in experienced and novice benchers</a>. The Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research. 2019 Feb 1;33(2):337-45.</p></li><li><p>Helms ER, Byrnes RK, Cooke DM, Haischer MH, Carzoli JP, Johnson TK, Cross MR, Cronin JB, Storey AG, Zourdos MC. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628895">RPE vs. Percentage 1RM loading in periodized programs matched for sets and repetitions</a>. Frontiers in physiology. 2018 Mar 21;9:247.</p></li><li><p>Graham T, Cleather DJ. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=31009432">Autoregulation by" Repetitions in Reserve" Leads to Greater Improvements in Strength Over a 12-Week Training Program Than Fixed Loading</a>. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2019 Apr.</p></li><li><p>Cooke DM, Haischer MH, Carzoli JP, Bazyler CD, Johnson TK, Varieur R, Zoeller RF, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30640306">Body Mass and Femur Length Are Inversely Related to Repetitions Performed in the Back Squat in Well-Trained Lifters</a>. The Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research. 2019 Mar 1;33(3):890-5.</p></li><li><p>Zourdos MC, Goldsmith JA, Helms ER, Trepeck C, Halle JL, Mendez KM, Cooke DM, Haischer MH, Sousa CA, Klemp A, Byrnes RK. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30747900">Proximity to Failure and Total Repetitions Performed in a Set Influences Accuracy of Intraset Repetitions in Reserve-Based Rating of Perceived Exertion</a>. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2019 Feb.</p></li><li><p>Pareja-Blanco F, Rodr&#237;guez-Rosell D, Aagaard P, S&#225;nchez-Medina L, Ribas-Serna J, Mora-Custodio R, Otero-Esquina C, Y&#225;&#241;ez-Garc&#237;a JM, Gonz&#225;lez-Badillo JJ. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30036284">Time Course of Recovery From Resistance Exercise With Different Set Configurations</a>. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2018 Jul.</p></li><li><p>MASS Volume 3, Issue 9 : RPE and RIR : The Complete Guide</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Có nên theo đuổi mức Volume (Số Set tập) tối ưu ???]]></title><description><![CDATA[N&#7871;u b&#226;y gi&#7901; m&#7913;c Volume t&#7853;p c&#7911;a em &#273;ang &#7903; m&#7913;c th&#7845;p h&#417;n m&#7889;c &#8220;T&#7889;i &#432;u&#8221; th&#236; c&#243; n&#234;n t&#259;ng Volume l&#234;n m&#7889;c &#8220;T&#7889;i &#432;u&#8221; nh&#432; &#244;ng Mike n&#243;i kh&#244;ng ?]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/co-nen-theo-uoi-muc-volume-so-set</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/co-nen-theo-uoi-muc-volume-so-set</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 09 Dec 2023 01:53:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>H&#244;m n&#7885; c&#243; c&#7853;u em xem m&#7897;t Video m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng chia s&#7867; v&#7873; c&#225;c m&#7889;c t&#237;nh Volume t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n c&#7911;a Dr.Mike Israetel, xong c&#243; h&#7887;i l&#224; : N&#7871;u b&#226;y gi&#7901; m&#7913;c Volume t&#7853;p c&#7911;a em &#273;ang &#7903; m&#7913;c th&#7845;p h&#417;n m&#7889;c &#8220;T&#7889;i &#432;u&#8221; th&#236; c&#243; n&#234;n t&#259;ng Volume l&#234;n m&#7889;c &#8220;T&#7889;i &#432;u&#8221; nh&#432; &#244;ng Mike n&#243;i kh&#244;ng ?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic" width="1080" height="1080" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:110186,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r9O0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d8bc-2fdb-4c50-b5fd-6888343b336d.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>---------------</p><p>Tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nhanh cho c&#7853;u e nh&#432; n&#224;y :</p><ol><li><p>Th&#7921;c t&#7871; th&#236; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i Gi&#7899;i &#8220;L&#224;m khoa h&#7885;c&#8221; v&#7851;n ch&#432;a t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7889;c Volume t&#7853;p &#8220;<strong>T&#7889;i &#432;u</strong>&#8221;, <em>h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; chuy&#234;n gia &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;a ra 1 kho&#7843;ng Volume n&#234;n t&#7853;p cho m&#7895;i nh&#243;m c&#417; l&#224; ~ 10-20 Set/tu&#7847;n/nh&#243;m c&#417;</em>. N&#234;n nh&#7899; &#273;&#226;y ch&#7881; l&#224; kho&#7843;ng Volume t&#7853;p &#8220;Trung b&#236;nh&#8221; th&#244;i, n&#234;n d&#7921;a v&#224;o m&#7889;c n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; t&#236;m ra m&#7913;c Volume ph&#249; h&#7907;p cho m&#236;nh. V&#236; m&#7895;i c&#225; nh&#226;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; 1 m&#7913;c Volume t&#7853;p &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; c&#417; b&#7855;p, t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u/t&#7889;i &#273;a k&#237;ch th&#237;ch c&#417; b&#7855;p kh&#225;c nhau, ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432; :</p></li></ol><p>- <em><strong>Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#7873; Gene</strong></em> : Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#237;ch nghi, ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i c&#225; nh&#226;n; T&#7881; l&#7879; s&#7907;i c&#417; trong c&#417; th&#7875;; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#417; b&#7855;p, t&#7881; l&#7879; c&#225;c chi so v&#7899;i th&#226;n, gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh&#8230;</p><p>- <em><strong>Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#7873; l&#7889;i s&#7889;ng</strong></em> : &#258;n, ng&#7911;, ngh&#7881;, c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y ngo&#224;i ph&#242;ng t&#7853;p,&#8230;</p><p>- <em><strong>Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#7873; Gi&#225;o &#225;n t&#7853;p</strong></em> : Ki&#7875;u b&#224;i hay t&#7853;p, T&#7847;n su&#7845;t &#273;&#7893;i gi&#225;o &#225;n, &#272;&#7897; l&#7899;n m&#7913;c t&#7841; (Absolute Intensity), M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng (Effort),&#8230;</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y m&#7889;c Volume &#8220;T&#7889;i &#432;u&#8221; trong vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236;, k&#237;ch th&#237;ch t&#259;ng c&#417; v&#224; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#7903; m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; kh&#225;c nhau (ngay ch&#237;nh Mike Israetel c&#361;ng n&#243;i v&#7873; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y). Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u Volume th&#236; c&#224;ng gi&#250;p t&#259;ng c&#417; t&#7889;t h&#417;n, c&#225;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#236;m ra m&#7889;c &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; c&#417; th&#7875; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#224; th&#237;ch nghi (Adaptation Threhold) (&#7842;nh b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i)</p><ol start="2"><li><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang t&#7853;p &#7903; 1 m&#7913;c Volume l&#224; &#8220;X Sets&#8221; cho m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#417;, th&#236; ch&#7881; n&#234;n t&#259;ng Volume d&#7921;a theo s&#7889; &#8220;X&#8221; n&#224;y, v&#237; d&#7909; 5-10-20% t&#259;ng th&#234;m so v&#7899;i X. Ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng n&#234;n theo &#273;u&#7893;i m&#7897;t m&#7913;c Volume c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;o &#273;&#243; lu&#244;n (V&#237; d&#7909; 20-22 Set cho 1 nh&#243;m c&#417;). Th&#7921;c t&#7871; th&#236; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7915; &#8220;Scarpelli v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;&#8221; n&#259;m (2020) c&#243; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng Volume th&#234;m 20% gi&#250;p t&#259;ng c&#417; v&#224; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng ngay l&#234;n 1 m&#7913;c c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; 22 Sets/nh&#243;m c&#417;/tu&#7847;n. V&#224; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, khi gi&#7843;m Volume t&#7853;p &#273;i l&#7841;i gi&#250;p h&#7885; t&#259;ng c&#417; t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; anh em t&#7853;p &#7903; m&#7913;c Volume th&#7845;p, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; 6-9 Sets/nh&#243;m c&#417;/tu&#7847;n m&#224; v&#7851;n &#273;ang t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; t&#259;ng c&#417; &#273;&#7873;u th&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u r&#7845;t hay, h&#227;y c&#7913; gi&#7919; m&#7913;c Volume nh&#432; v&#7853;y l&#226;u nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7883; ch&#7919;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Theo nh&#432; Eric Helms c&#243; hay n&#243;i, x&#233;t v&#7873; y&#7871;u t&#7889; t&#259;ng ti&#7871;n trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n, h&#227;y quan t&#226;m nh&#7845;t t&#7899;i &#8220;S&#7889; rep t&#7853;p&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;M&#7913;c t&#7841;&#8221;, c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; gi&#250;p h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c, sau &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i n&#234;n ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#259;ng Volume (S&#7889; set).</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mẹo cải thiện trọng tâm lực trong bài Squat, một yếu tố vô cùng quan trọng để cải thiện sức mạnh Squat.]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh (Strength) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng th&#244;ng qua m&#7913;c t&#7841; n&#7863;ng nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (1RM), ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i 2 y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#237;nh : Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#7873; th&#7847;n kinh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng : Th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t t&#7853;p hay vi&#7879;c ch&#250;ng ta th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#243; (t&#7915; kh&#226;u Setup &#273;&#7871;n khi ho&#224;n th&#224;nh)]]></description><link>https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/meo-cai-thien-trong-tam-luc-trong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.thethinkingtrainer.com/p/meo-cai-thien-trong-tam-luc-trong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Thinking Trainer]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 09 Nov 2023 09:14:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh (Strength) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng th&#244;ng qua m&#7913;c t&#7841; n&#7863;ng nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (1RM), ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i 2 y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#237;nh :</p><ul><li><p>Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#7873; th&#7847;n kinh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng : Th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t t&#7853;p hay vi&#7879;c ch&#250;ng ta th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#243; (t&#7915; kh&#226;u Setup &#273;&#7871;n khi ho&#224;n th&#224;nh)</p></li><li><p>Y&#7871;u t&#7889; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; G&#226;n-C&#417; b&#7855;p : Li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; l&#7899;n c&#417; b&#7855;p, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a g&#226;n, vi&#7879;c truy&#7873;n l&#7921;c th&#244;ng qua m&#224;ng c&#417; gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng s&#7907;i c&#417;,&#8230;</p></li></ul><p>Hai y&#7871;u t&#7889; tr&#234;n l&#224; th&#7913; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; ch&#237;nh ch&#250;ng c&#361;ng l&#224; th&#7913; c&#7843;n tr&#7903; hay gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. M&#7895;i m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#226;p hay chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng khi &#273;i v&#224;o c&#7909; th&#7875; s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh ri&#234;ng, b&#234;n Data Driven Strength g&#7885;i nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;y v&#7899;i c&#225;i t&#234;n &#8220;Strength Limiters&#8221; - &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch r&#7845;t hay v&#7873; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh m&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o gi&#225;o tr&#236;nh d&#7841;y.</p><p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p><p>&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i l&#224; v&#7873; c&#225;c Strength Limiters trong b&#224;i Squat. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Squat th&#236; vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng hay c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7921;c k&#7923; quan tr&#7885;ng. B&#7841;n s&#7869; mu&#7889;n duy tr&#236; tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m hay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; &#225;p l&#7921;c duy tr&#236; &#7903; v&#249;ng gi&#7919;a b&#224;n ch&#226;n (Midfoot) trong su&#7889;t chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png" width="1456" height="515" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:515,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:206557,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U_aD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff770f3b0-20bc-4389-9cdd-25192a207391_1656x586.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Strength Limiter t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong b&#224;i Squat</figcaption></figure></div><p>Trong vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t t&#7853;p, b&#7841;n s&#7869; mu&#7889;n trong b&#224;i Squat m&#7895;i khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n, d&#249; &#7903; m&#7913;c t&#7841; n&#224;o, ta lu&#244;n ph&#7843;i d&#7891;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p l&#7921;c l&#234;n midfoot ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i g&#243;t hay m&#361;i ch&#226;n. H&#227;y th&#7917; t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#432;&#7903;ng tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n ta t&#7853;p 6 set Squat l&#7921;c d&#7891;n &#7903; g&#243;t, sang tu&#7847;n sau l&#7841;i d&#7891;n &#7903; gi&#7919;a b&#224;n ch&#226;n r&#7891;i tu&#7847;n ti&#7871;p c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#361;i ch&#226;n, v&#7853;y th&#236; h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>V&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253;, r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n ngh&#297; r&#7857;ng Thanh bar s&#7869; c&#7847;n lu&#244;n n&#7857;m th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng so v&#7899;i Midfoot (Hay n&#243;i c&#225;ch khac l&#224; gi&#7919; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a Thanh bar c&#243; h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#7859;ng &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n xu&#7889;ng) th&#236; tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#417; th&#7875; (v&#224; thanh bar) s&#7869; d&#7891;n l&#234;n tr&#234;n Midfoot. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic" width="1456" height="821" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:63567,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yWXM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0ffb7e4-ce5a-4827-aeb1-5a334f667896.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">H&#236;nh &#7843;nh khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng ta hi&#7875;u sai v&#7873; c&#225;ch gi&#7919; tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m thanh bar trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh Squat</figcaption></figure></div><p>Th&#7921;c t&#7871; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#7853;y, v&#236; khi ch&#250;ng ta di chuy&#7875;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n c&#7843; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng thanh bar. Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; n&#7871;u c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7841;n n&#7863;ng 100kg v&#224; thanh bar n&#7863;ng 100kg, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n lu&#244;n duy tr&#236; tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m l&#7921;c d&#7891;n l&#234;n midfoot trong b&#224;i Squat, th&#236; khi thanh bar h&#432;&#7899;ng ra tr&#432;&#7899;c 1 &#273;o&#7841;n th&#226;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7849;y ra sau 1 &#273;o&#7841;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n n&#7863;ng 100kg m&#224; Squat 300kg th&#236; thanh bar s&#7869; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7849;y ra tr&#432;&#7899;c 1/3 qu&#227;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng so v&#7899;i tr&#432;&#7899;c th&#244;i. &#272;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o Thanh bar c&#361;ng &#7903; ngay tr&#234;n midfoot, b&#7841;n c&#224;ng Squat n&#7863;ng h&#417;n so v&#7899;i kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i c&#7911;a thanh bar s&#7869; c&#224;ng th&#7859;ng v&#224; n&#7857;m ngay tr&#234;n midfoot.</p><p>Bar path s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u b&#7903;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, c&#225;ch b&#7841;n &#273;&#7863;t thanh bar, kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7841;.</p><p>Nh&#236;n chung ta s&#7869; mu&#7889;n c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n l&#7921;c lu&#244;n r&#417;i v&#224;o Midfoot ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i lu&#244;n gi&#7919; Thanh Bar &#7903; ngay tr&#234;n Midfoot (nh&#432; &#7843;nh minh h&#7885;a b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i)</p><div class="native-video-embed" data-component-name="VideoPlaceholder" data-attrs="{&quot;mediaUploadId&quot;:&quot;03781417-2c6e-4916-a654-759b9c07854d&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:null}"></div><p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p><p>L&#253; thuy&#7871;t l&#224; th&#7871;, v&#7853;y t&#244;i mu&#7889;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n tr&#7885;ng l&#7921;c lu&#244;n tr&#234;n midfoot th&#236; l&#224;m ntn. C&#243; kha kh&#225; b&#224;i t&#7853;p gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng n&#224;y, nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh ch&#7881; xin &#273;&#432;a ra 1 gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p v&#244; c&#249;ng hay (Th&#7921;c ra s&#225;ng nay l&#234;n Insta th&#7845;y b&#224;i c&#7911;a Coach Eugente Teo c&#361;ng l&#224;m v&#7873; c&#225;i n&#224;y, n&#234;n m&#225;u vi&#7871;t b&#224;i lu&#244;n), &#273;&#243; l&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng 1 mi&#7871;ng t&#7841; nh&#7887; (t&#7847;m 0,5kg ho&#7863;c 1kg) &#273;&#7863;t &#7903; gi&#7919;a l&#242;ng b&#224;n ch&#226;n (xem Video minh h&#7885;a), m&#7865;o &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n n&#224;y nh&#236;n c&#243; v&#7867; khi&#7871;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p h&#417;i &#8220;tr&#242;ng tr&#224;nh&#8221; nh&#432;ng n&#243; s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m l&#7921;c c&#7921;c t&#7889;t. Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n, b&#224;i t&#7853;p c&#361;ng s&#7869; t&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#224;nh t&#237;ch nhanh h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic" width="1010" height="890" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:890,&quot;width&quot;:1010,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:66739,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZLjA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f6f874e-560e-45f0-a9c1-095bc2c93d31.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#272;&#7875; m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng t&#7841; nh&#7887; gi&#7919;a l&#242;ng b&#224;n ch&#226;n</figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#7865;o n&#224;y n&#234;n &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#7903; trong c&#225;c Set kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng (m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng khuy&#234;n l&#224; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng 4-6 Set tr&#432;&#7899;c khi v&#224;o Set ch&#237;nh), gi&#7919; cho b&#224;n ch&#226;n kh&#244;ng b&#7883; &#273;&#7893; m&#361;i ch&#226;n hay g&#243;t ch&#226;n xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7845;t. H&#227;y th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p n&#224;y v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; th&#7853;t s&#7921; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t. N&#7871;u th&#7845;y b&#7845;t an th&#236; n&#234;n nh&#7901; 1 ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#244;ng canh.</p><p></p><div class="instagram" data-attrs="{&quot;instagram_id&quot;:&quot;CzYWsdJvLPo&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A post shared by @coacheugeneteo&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;coacheugeneteo&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/__ss-rehost__IG-meta-CzYWsdJvLPo.jpg&quot;,&quot;timestamp&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="InstagramToDOM"><div class="instagram-top-bar"><a class="instagram-author-name" href="https://instagram.com/coacheugeneteo" target="_blank">coacheugeneteo</a></div><a class="instagram-image" href="https://instagram.com/p/CzYWsdJvLPo" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O4v0!,w_640,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F__ss-rehost__IG-meta-CzYWsdJvLPo.jpg" loading="lazy"></a><div class="instagram-bottom-bar"><div class="instagram-title">A post shared by <a href="https://instagram.com/coacheugeneteo" target="_blank">@coacheugeneteo</a></div></div></div><div id="youtube2-Ejv3oPJVX5c" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;Ejv3oPJVX5c&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Ejv3oPJVX5c?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>